基于核心驱动力的科技成果转化模式比较研究

A Comparative Study of Transformation Models of Scientific and Technological Achievements Based on Core Driving Force

摘要:

对科技成果转化模式进行比较研究，辩证地分析不同转化模式的优缺点和适用条件，有助于系统性认识各种转化模式并且更加有效地将不同模式应用于科技成果转化实践。从科技成果转化的动力和过程双重理论视角出发，根据科技成果转化核心驱动力和科技成果转化渠道两大维度构建科技成果转化模式分类框架，利用二维四象限分析方法划分为个人委托转化型、个人直接转化型和机构驱动转化型3种常见模式，并结合国内外代表案例进行分析。研究发现，3种转化模式都有各自的核心特征、优势、在我国实践中存在的问题以及适用条件。基于研究结论，研究型大学和传统科研机构应设立专门的科技成果转化机构，加强成果转化人才队伍建设；新型研发机构应建立以需求为导向的研发体系，大力推广技术商业化发展模式，强化自我“造血”能力；此外，国家应出台完善相关法律规范，切实保障新型研发机构实现良性运作与可持续发展。

Abstract:

Comparative study on the transformation models of scientific and technological achievements, and the dialectical analysis of the advantages, disadvantages and applicable conditions of different transformation models are helpful to systematically understand various transformation models and apply different models to the transformation practice of scientific and technological achievements more effectively. From the dual theoretical perspectives of driving power and process of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, the classification framework of the transformation model of scientific and technological achievements is constructed according to the two dimensions—the core driving force and the transformation channel of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Using the two-dimensional four-quadrant analysis method, the transformation models of scientific and technological achievements are divided into the following three types: individual entrusted transformation model, individual direct transformation model, and institution-driven transformation model, and analyzed by combining domestic and foreign representative cases. This study finds that the three transformation models have their own core characteristics, advantages, problems in Chinese practice and applicable conditions. Based on the research conclusions, research universities and traditional scientific research institutions should set up special institutions for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and strengthen the construction of talent teams for achievements transformation; new R&D institutions should establish a demand-oriented R&D system, vigorously promote the technology commercialization development model, and strengthen their self-hematopoietic capabilities; in addition, the state should promulgate and improve relevant legal norms to effectively ensure the sound operation and sustainable development of new R&D institutions.