基于专利数据的中国区域智能芯片技术创新图谱研究

Research on the Technology Innovation Knowledge Map of Artificial Intelligence Chips in China

摘要:

智能芯片技术突破对我国人工智能发展起到至关重要的作用。通过AI芯片技术创新聚类图谱分析，识别中国智能芯片技术创新路径；从区域层面分析和比较京津冀、长三角、粤港澳+台湾、中西部地区、东部地区的中国智能芯片技术创新关键主体分布，及其研发合作关系特征，可为中国智能芯片创新发展政策的制定提供参考。通过对2018-2022年智能芯片技术创新聚类分析，发现中国智能芯片技术创新路径可分为三条：1.延续传统计算架构，加速硬件运算能力；2.遵循量子计算的规律和属性，从量子通讯到量子芯片；3.模拟生物神经网络的结构连接，基于神经形态架构设计，打造类脑芯片。中国智能芯片技术创新主体分布呈现：1.长三角地区、京津冀地区聚焦AI芯片技术创新全赛道，创新活力逐渐释放，形成“ICT巨头＋专精企业＋高校”共生的创新生态；2.粤港澳地区聚焦AI主流赛道，延续ICT巨头为主导的传统创新模式；3.中西部地区多为高校与科研院所，聚焦AI芯片的实验室研发。中国智能芯片技术创新主体的研发合作关系演化呈现：1.关键创新主体的研发合作规模逐渐缩小，形成了日趋稳定的研发合作关系；2.合作网络时空发展向“地缘性+业缘性”演化；3.研发合作方向逐渐呈现两级化，军事研究所、ICT巨头深化在通用性AI芯片研发，应用端企业聚焦专业性AI芯片研发。

Abstract:

The breakthrough of artificial intelligence chip technology plays a vital role in the development of artificial intelligence. Through the cluster analysis of AI chip technology innovation, identify the path of China's intelligent chip technology innovation. From the regional level, analyze and compare the distribution of Chinese smart chip technology innovation sectors in Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao + Taiwan, central and western regions and eastern regions. On this basis, this study identifies the key subjects of smart chip technology innovation and draws their R & D cooperation relationship, which can provide reference for the formulation of China's smart chip innovation and development policy. Research findings (1) through the cluster analysis of smart chip technology innovation from 2018 to 2022, it is found that China's smart chip technology innovation path can be divided into three ways: 1 Continue the traditional computing architecture and accelerate the hardware computing power; 2. Follow the laws and properties of quantum computing, from quantum communication to quantum chip; 3. Simulate the structural connection of biological neural network, design based on neural morphological architecture, and create brain like chip. (2) The distribution of important and key sectors of China's AI chip technology innovation shows that the Yangtze River Delta and Beijing Tianjin Hebei regions focus on the whole track of AI chip technology innovation, and the innovation vitality is gradually released, forming a symbiotic innovation ecology of "ICT giant + specialized enterprise + University". Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao focus on AI mainstream tracks and continue the traditional innovation mode dominated by ICT giants. Most of the innovation subjects in the central and western regions are universities and scientific research institutes, focusing on the laboratory research and development of AI chips.