科技创新视角下美国创客运动的价值潜能分析及启示

Analysis and Enlightenment of the Value Potential of American Maker Move-ment from the Perspective of Science and Technology Innovation

摘要:

美国创客运动在短时间内引领世界众创风潮，然而目前学界缺乏从科技创新视角对其价值与功用的探讨，为此，运用科技创新相关理论，系统分析美国创客运动的历史流变与功能演绎，揭示其蕴藏的价值潜能、解构其宣扬众创的国家隐喻，为中国大众创业万众创新（以下简称“双创”）高质量发展提供参考启示。分析表明，美国创客运动历经车库DIY、黑客创新和“草根”创新3个发展阶段，蕴含封闭式创新到开放式创新再到全面众创的演化路径，开创了具有“草根”特色的创新范式；通过嵌入国家创新战略，构建开源生态重塑创新价值体系，拓展区域创新网络共生边界，赋能科学与工程劳动力开发，为国家创新生态系统打造创新民众引擎，已然超出全社会众创行动的范畴，更承载着推进国家创新战略的重要使命。借鉴美国创客运动的发展经验，可以从培植开源创新生态系统、加强众创空间建设、构建创新型人才培养体系等三方面加快中国“双创”高质量发展。

Abstract:

The Maker movement in America has led a worldwide wave of mass innovation in a short period of time, but its value and function is rarely discussed from the perspec-tive of science and technology innovation in academic circle. Based on the theories related to scientific and technological innovation, this paper systematically analyzes the historical evolution and functional deduction of the Maker movement in Ameri-ca, reveals its potential value and deconstructs its national metaphor of publicizing mass innovation, aiming to provide reference inspiration for the high-quality devel-opment of mass entrepreneurship and innovation in China (hereinafter referred to as “Double Innovation”). Analysis shows that, Maker movement in America has gone through three stages of development: garage DIY, hacker revolution, and “Grass-roots” innovation. It clearly shows an evolutionary path from closed innovation to open innovation and then to mass innovation, thus creating a new innovation para-digm with grassroots characteristics. By embedding the national innovation strategy, constructing an open-source ecosystem for reshaping the innovation value system, expanding the symbiotic boundary of regional innovation networks, enabling science and engineering workforce development, the Maker movement in America has cre-ated an engine of innovation for the national innovation ecosystem, which is beyond the scope of the whole society's mass action on innovation, and even carries the im-portant mission for promoting the national innovation strategy. Drawing on the de-velopment experience of Maker movement in America, we can speed up the high-quality development of innovation and entrepreneurship in China from three aspects: cultivating open-source innovation ecosystem, strengthening the construc-tion of innovation space, and constructing innovative talent training system.