中外海上风电发展形势和政策比较研究

Development Situation and Policy Comparative Study of Offshore Wind in China and Abroad

摘要:

近30年来，世界海上风电特别是欧亚地区快速发展，并伴随着技术创新逐渐向深远海布局。中国海上风电经过近十年发展已然位列全球首位，在沿海地区形成产业集群，机组容量持续提升，项目建设成本逐步降低。采用比较分析方法，研究中外海上风电发展形势、政策焦点和异同，通过实地调研，梳理总结中国海上风电产业在宏观调控、技术创新、项目经济性、空间布局、运维保障等方面面临的问题，提出以海洋资源节约集约利用为本，以自主创新为动力，持续完善政策措施和管理制度，通过适度补贴、产业融合促进海上风电产业可持续发展的思路。

Abstract:

As the global marine environment is still in a severe state, clean energy, as a substitute for fossil energy such as coal and oil, has been highly valued by international organizations and countries, while offshore wind boasts notable advantages in producing green power. In the past 30 years, offshore wind in the world, particularly in the Eurasian region, has developed rapidly, and it has been moving into deeper waters along with technological advances. China""s offshore wind has ranked first in the world after nearly ten years of development, with industrial clusters formed in coastal areas, continuously improved installed capacity, and reduced cost of project construction. This paper adopts a comparative analysis method to study the development, policy focus, similarities and differences of offshore wind in China and abroad, and through field investigation, sorts out and summarizes the problems faced by China""s offshore wind power industry in terms of macro-control, technological innovation, cost-effectiveness, spatial layout, operation and maintenance, and sets out that the sustainable development of offshore wind power should be achieved by focusing on the economical and intensive utilization of marine resources, taking independent innovation as the growth driver, improving policy measures and management systems, and working towards proper subsidies and industrial integration.