数字创新生态系统赋能互补者演进过程与内在机理

Evoluation Process and Internal Mechanism of Empowering Complementors in the Digital Innovation Ecosystem

摘要:

学术界对于数字创新生态系统演化过程的研究仍处于起步阶段。聚焦于互补者所具备的不同互补性关系对于数字创新生态系统演进的影响机制，基于赋能理论视角，选取以JD集团为核心的数字创新生态系统及互补者K1和K2作为案例，运用扎根理论进行编码分析，探索数字创新生态系统核心企业与互补者之间的互动演化以及赋能过程，并通过互补者类型区分揭示赋能过程和影响机制。结果表明：核心企业的生态价值主张伴随数字平台的升级迭代不断清晰化和明确化，其动态演化性影响互补者数字创新结果；基于数字创新基础差异性的迁移型和原生型两类互补者表现出不同的互补关系演进路径，前者拥有一定的数字产品开发能力，与核心企业的关系是从双向唯一互补性关系逐步演变为唯一互补和超模互补共存的关系，而后者与核心企业则是从单边依赖的单向唯一互补性关系逐渐演化成双向唯一互补性关系再到唯一互补和超模互补共存的关系；互补性关系具有动态演进性且差异性，影响数字创新生态系统的赋能过程，逐渐从核心企业单边输出式赋能转向生态多边共创式赋能。因此，核心企业基于数字平台搭建数字创新生态系统要重视不同演进阶段的赋能机制以有效激发互补者创新，各类企业要拥抱数字创新以获取差异化竞争优势。

Abstract:

At present, research on the evolution process of the digital innovation ecosystem is still in its infancy. This paper focuses on the impact mechanism of the different complementary relationships possessed by complementarities on the evolution of the digital innovation ecosystem. Based on the perspective of empowerment theory, it selects digital innovation ecosystem with JD group as the core enterprise, and its complementary partners K1 and K2 as case sample, uses Grounded theory to conduct coding analysis, and explores the interactive evolution and empowerment process between the core enterprises and complementors of the digital innovation ecosystem, and reveal the empowerment process and impact mechanism through the differentiation of complementary types. This study shows the core enterprise's ecological value proposition is becoming clearer and clearer with the upgrading and iteration of the digital platform, and the dynamic evolution of core enterprise's ecological value proposition affects the results of complementary digital innovation; Based on the difference research of digital innovation foundation, two types of complementarities are identified: migration type and original type, and the two types of complementarities show different evolutionary paths of complementarities. The former has certain digital product development capabilities, and its relationship with core enterprises has gradually evolved from a bidirectional unique complementarity relationship to a coexistence of unique complementarity and supermodel complementarity. The latter has gradually evolved from a unidirectional unique complementarity relationship of unilateral dependence to a bidirectional unique complementarity relationship and then to a coexistence of unique complementarity and supermodel complementarity with core enterprises; The complementary relationship has dynamic evolution and differentiation, which affects the empowerment process of the digital innovation ecosystem, gradually shifting from unilateral output empowerment of core enterprises to ecological multilateral co creation empowerment. Therefore, core enterprises building a digital innovation ecosystem based on digital platforms should attach importance to the empowerment mechanisms at different stages of evolution to effectively stimulate complementary innovation, and various types of enterprises should embrace digital innovation to obtain differentiated competitive advantages.