美国《国家量子计划法案》中的教育举措、特征与挑战——基于美国政府2018-2022年系列报告解析

The Education Measure,Characteristics and Challenges in National Quantum Initiative Act——Analysis Based on Series of Strategic Report of American Administration from 2018 to 2022

摘要:

为了促进量子信息科学技术的快速发展,美国政府于2018年签署《国家量子计划法案》,并发布了多份战略报告和技术报告。系列报告显示美国教育系统通过招揽国际量子科技人才,提高相关研究领域的竞争力；同时优化国内教育系统,包括在早期教育阶段提升量子信息科学技术的教育意识,在高等教育阶段提供与量子科学相关的“课程-学科-学位”,培养掌握量子信息科学技术的研究者和量子智能劳动力,其特征为教育系统与政府、企业形成紧密的创新生态系统,坚持“科学第一”原则、注重推动量子工程学、量子机械学及材料科学等多学科交叉融合、发挥STEM基础传统学科的在量子工程中的“基石”作用；其挑战为不同部门合作过程中的文化迁移、量子信息科学研究转化为量子信息科学技术的时间周期长及其对从事量子技术研究者的考核评价难度较大等。

Abstract:

On December 21,2018, American Administration singed National Quantum Initiative Act. To make the goal of this act realized and quantum science and technology develop, American Administration launched many strategic and technical reports. Thesee reports indicate that American wants to attract international talents and cultivate quantum researchers and workforce through its onw education system, including enhangcing the awareness of quantum science at early education stage and providing related curriculum,discipline and degree at higher education stage. The feartures can be concluded as education sytem is very important among ecosystem formed of government ,academica and entrepreneur ,sticiks to science-first approach,the research and development of quantum science needs various disciplines,STEM is also significant .There are some challenges when developing quantum science such as the education system needs to considerate the challenges are cultre shift while different department cooperating, the long time from science to technology and the difficulty in appropriate evaluating researchers’ hard work.