人才生态环境如何促进城市科技人才集聚-基于NCA和QCA方法的研究

How Talent Ecological Environment Promotes the Agglomeration of Urban Scientific and Technological Talents- Research based on NCA and QCA methods

摘要:

基于人才生态环境理论，以中国36个城市为研究案例，运用必要条件分析（NCA）与模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）相结合的方法，探究人才生态环境中各要素协同驱动城市科技人才集聚的实现路径。研究发现：（1）单一人才生态环境要素并不是实现城市科技人才高集聚的必要条件，但是构建优质科技创新环境对于实现科技人才高集聚发挥比较普适的作用。（2）科技人才高集聚是由人才生态环境中多要素共同作用形成的等效结果，4种城市人才生态环境可以实现科技人才高集聚，分别为经济*科创*文教均衡驱动型、科创*服务双重驱动型、经济*科创双重驱动型、宜居*服务双重驱动型。（3）3种城市人才生态环境抑制科技人才集聚，分别为经济*服务抑制型、经济*科创*服务抑制型、科创*宜居抑制型。（4）中国城市科技人才集聚主要形成了以长三角地区、粤港澳大湾区和京津冀经济圈的东部城市群为中心，中西部城市群为外围的空间集聚格局。本研究从整体上揭示了人才生态环境与科技人才集聚现象之间的复杂因果关系，为城市制定科技人才引用育留政策提供了实践参考。

Abstract:

Based on the theory of talent ecological environment, this paper takes 36 cities in China as research cases, and uses the combination of necessary condition analysis ( NCA ) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis ( fsQCA ) to explore the realization path of urban science and technology talent agglomeration driven by the synergy of various elements in the talent ecological environment. The study found that : ( 1 ) The single talent ecological environment factor is not the necessary condition to realize the high agglomeration of urban scientific and technological talents, but the construction of high-quality scientific and technological innovation environment plays a universal role in realizing the high agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. ( 2 ) The high agglomeration of scientific and technological talents is the equivalent result formed by the joint action of multiple factors in the talent ecological environment. The four kinds of urban talent ecological environment can realize the high agglomeration of scientific and technological talents, which are economy * science and technology innovation * culture and education balanced drive, science and technology innovation * service double drive, economy * science and technology innovation double drive, livability * service double drive. ( 3 ) Three kinds of urban talent ecological environment inhibit the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents, namely, economy * service inhibition, economy * science and technology innovation * service inhibition, science and technology innovation * livable inhibition. ( 4 ) The agglomeration of urban scientific and technological talents in China mainly forms a spatial agglomeration pattern with the Yangtze River Delta region, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic circle as the center and the central and western urban agglomerations as the periphery. This study reveals the complex causal relationship between the talent ecological environment and the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents as a whole, and provides a practical reference for cities to formulate policies for the recruitment and retention of scientific and technological talents.