中国“制造”转向中国“智造”：数字化赋能大学生工程实践能力培养改革创新

“Made in China” Turns to “Intelligent Manufacturing”: Digital Empowered Engineering Practice Competencies Cultivation Reform and Innovation of College Students’

摘要:

工程实践能力是反映高校工程人才培养质量的重要指标,在数字化工程人才能力结构中占据着十分重要的位置。随着中国“制造”向中国“智造”转变,智能制造也对新时代工程人才提出了新的诉求。但当前大学生工程实践能力水平不足以满足制造业产业体系升级对其所提出的新要求,培养过程也面临着理性主义与实用主义的对峙、数字世界与物理世界的割裂、工程实践教学与科研活动的矛盾、高校与企业接轨不畅、以及基于感知评价与基于证据评价的对立等问题。针对当前工程实践能力培养的争议,本文提出了从协同乏力到协同合力、从简单“混合”到深度“融合”、从价值导向失衡到多元统一协同、从虚拟仿真实习到自建流程式实习、从静态化评价到动态实时化评价的培养逻辑,为高校工程人才培养机制改革创新提供借鉴与参考。

Abstract:

Engineering practice competency is an important indicator that reflects the quality of engineering talent training in universities and plays a crucial role in the capacity structure of digital engineering talent. With the transformation from “Made in China” to “Intelligent Manufacturing” in china, intelligent manufacturing has put forward new demands for engineering talents. The current engineering practice competencies of students, however, remain challenging to meet the new requirements put forward by the deep reform of the manufacturing industry system, and the cultivation of engineering practice competencies also faces the confrontation between rationalism and pragmatism, the separation of the digital world and the physical world, the contradiction between engineering practice teaching and scientific research activities, the poor integration between universities and enterprises, and the opposition between perception-based evaluation and evidence-based evaluation. This paper puts forward the cultivation logic from weak synergy to synergy, from simple “mixing” to deep “integration”, from value-oriented imbalance to pluralistic unity and synergy, from virtual simulation practice to self-built process practice, from static evaluation to dynamic real-time evaluation. It is hoped to provide new insights for the reform and innovation of engineering talent cultivation mechanism in universities.