国际比较视角下脑机接口发展政策差异分析及其对中国的启示

Differences Analysis in Brain-Computer Interface(BCI) Development Policy from the Perspective of International Comparison and Its Enlightenment to China

摘要:

对于被视为脑科学和类脑研究重要方向的脑机接口，美国、欧盟、澳大利亚和中国是推动相关技术创新发展的主要力量，但目前关于脑机接口发展政策的研究较为匮乏。为此，从国际视角，运用定性分析法，重点梳理总结上述4个国家和地区鼓励发展脑机接口的政策内容，从政策设计、管理机构、发展模式和伦理研究4个方面进行横向对比分析。研究发现：与美国、欧盟和澳大利亚相比，中国重视脑机接口的科技前沿攻关，但缺少配套发展政策；重视战略目标和资金支持，实施过程中的管理主体、咨询机构、神经伦理机构仍需完善；跨学科发展模式上缺少整合，研究模式和资助模式不符合新技术发展特点；脑机接口神经伦理问题的研究和治理尚处于萌芽期，相关法律制度、监管措施和科学研究不足。通过借鉴先进国家和地区的经验，得到对促进中国发展脑机接口技术的启示：突出政策的科学系统设计、优化组织管理结构、促进跨学科整合发展、强化相关伦理问题同步研究等，以抢占技术制高点。

Abstract:

Brain-computer interface is regarded as an important area of brain science and brain-inspired research, the United States, the European Union, Australia and China are the main forces to promote the development of related technological innovation, but the research on the development policy of brain-computer interface is relatively scarce. To this end, from an international perspective, the qualitative analysis method is used to focus on sorting out and summarizing the policy content to encourage the development of brain-computer interface of the above four countries and regions, and make a horizontal comparative analysis from four aspects: policy design, management institutions, development models and ethical research. The study found that, compared with the United States, the European Union and Australia, China has significant differences in the above aspects: emphasis is placed on frontier scientific and technological research on brain-computer interfaces, but there is a lack of supporting development policies; attention is paid to strategic goals and financial support, and management entities, consulting agencies and neuroethical institutions in the implementation process still need to be improved; there is a lack of integration in the interdisciplinary development model, and the research model and funding model do not conform to the characteristics of new technology development; the research and governance of brain-computer interface neuroethical issues are still in their infancy, and the relevant legal systems, regulatory measures and scientific research are insufficient. Drawing lessons from the experience of advanced countries and regions, the enlightenment for promoting the development of brain-computer interface in China is drawn: highlight the scientific and systematic design of supporting policies, optimize the organizational management structure, promote the development of interdisciplinary integration, and strengthen the simultaneous research on ethical issues, so as to seize the technological commanding heights.