数字技术驱动下普惠金融的减贫效果评价及其创新发展

Evaluation of Poverty Reduction Effect of Inclusive Finance Driven by Digital Technology and Its Innovative Development

摘要:

鉴于现有研究尚未就数字普惠金融是否影响以及如何影响农村减贫给出明确答案，从分工视角引出斯密定理中的交通设施、通信水平两大关键变量，基于2011－2020年我国中西部22个省（区、市）的脱贫攻坚实践和相关数据，通过分别构建线性回归模型和调节效应模型检验数字普惠金融对减缓农村贫困的效应。结果发现：（1）数字普惠金融有利于降低贫困地区的贫困发生率，有效减缓了农村贫困。（2）分维度看，数字普惠金融拓展使用深度的减贫效果优于扩大覆盖广度的减贫效果，而提升数字化程度的减贫效果相对较弱；分业务看，支付业务、保险业务和信贷业务的减贫效果均较好。（3）数字普惠金融在交通设施相对完备、通信水平相对较高的农村地区的减贫效果更好。基于研究结论，提出不断提升农村数字金融支付服务水平、有效发挥保险的保障作用、持续做好对“三农”的信贷支持等对策建议。

Abstract:

Given that existing research has not provided a clear answer regarding whether and how digital inclusive finance affects rural poverty alleviation, this study explores the two key variables of transportation facilities and level of telecommunications from the perspective of division of labor, drawing on the practices and relevant data of poverty alleviation in 22 provinces (districts and cities) in central and western China from 2011 to 2020. By constructing linear regression models and moderation effect models, we examine the effects of digital inclusive finance on mitigating rural poverty. The results are as follows: (1) Digital inclusive finance is conducive to reducing the poverty incidence in impoverished areas and effectively alleviating rural poverty. (2) In terms of dimensions, expanding the depth of use of digital inclusive finance has a better poverty relief effect than increasing the breadth of coverage, while the poverty relief effect of enhancing the level of digitalization is relatively weak. In terms of business types, payment, insurance, and credit businesses all have positive effects on poverty relief. (3) Digital inclusive finance has a better poverty relief effect in rural areas with relatively well-established transportation facilities and higher levels of telecommunications. Based on the research findings, we propose strategies to continuously improve the level of digital financial payment services in rural areas, effectively leverage the protective role of insurance, and provide consistent credit support to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.