数字化悖论的内涵、产生机制与跨越路径：文献综述研究

Connotation, Generation Mechanism, and Transcending Path of the Digitization Paradox: Literature Review Study

摘要:

理论研究与企业实践的背离凸显了“数字化悖论”研究的必要性，为此，基于实践中存在的“数字化悖论”现象，从源起、概念、争议、产生机制和破解路径等方面，对数字化与生产率、绩效关系及异质性的相关文献进行梳理。首先，基于有关源起、概念的研究，将“数字化悖论”定义为企业应用了大数据、人工智能、云计算等数字技术，但是并未带来生产率的提高或企业绩效的增长。其次，总结出关于数字化与企业绩效之间关系的主要观点，分别为否认存在、承认存在、效果具有时间滞后效应以及对绩效产生抑制效应的正向、负向、“U”型、倒“U”型4种。再次，从互补资源和要素、组织变革、时间滞后效应3个层面对于数字化悖论产生的机制得到“数字化悖论”成因，包括资源要素错配、缺少组织变革和外部环境变化均等，进而基于组织战略变革整合框架，从环境、组织和管理者3个层面提出企业跨越“数字化悖论”的路径：完善数字化生态系统、提高员工数字能力、营造组织数字化文化氛围等。最后，从数字化的测量方式、结果多维性和“数字化悖论”的异质性与产生机制等方面，指出目前研究的不足和下一步的研究方向，以期为破解实践中存在的“数字化悖论”问题提供参考。

关键词:企业数字化转型;数字化悖论;悖论形成机制;悖论跨越;组织变革;文献综述;数字化

Abstract:

The divergence between theoretical research and enterprise practice highlights the necessity of the study of digitalization paradox. Therefore, based on the phenomenon of digitalization paradox in practice, this paper reviews the literature on the relationship between digitalization and productivity, performance and heterogeneity from the aspects of origin, concept, controversy, generation mechanism and solution path. First of all, based on the research on the origin and concept, the digital paradox is defined as the application of digital technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence and cloud computing by enterprises, but it does not bring productivity improvement or enterprise performance growth. Secondly, the main views on the relationship between digitalization and enterprise performance are summarized, which are four types: denial, acknowledgement, time lag effect and positive, negative, U-shaped and inverted U-shaped. Thirdly, the causes of digital paradox are obtained from the three levels of complementary resources and factors, organizational change and time lag effect, including mismatching of resource factors, lack of organizational change and equalization of external environment change. Then, based on the integration framework of organizational strategic change, the path for enterprises to overcome digital paradox is proposed from the three levels of environment, organization and manager: Improve the digital ecosystem, improve the digital ability of employees, and create a digital cultural atmosphere in the organization. Finally, from the aspects of digital measurement methods, result multi-dimensionality, heterogeneity and generation mechanism of digital paradox, the paper points out the shortcomings of current research and the direction of further research, in order to provide reference for solving the digital paradox problem in practice.

Key words:Enterprise digital transformation; Digital paradox; Paradox formation mechanism; Paradox crossing; Organizational change; Literature review; digitization