Abstract:This paper analyzes the influence mechanism of innovation ecosystem health on technological breakthroughs and industrial structure upgrading, constructs fixed effect and threshold effect models, collects relevant data on health, technological breakthroughs and industrial structure upgrading in 30 provinces and municipalities in China from 2009 to 2020, accurately measures the health of innovation ecosystems in various regions, and its impact on industrial structure upgrading through technological breakthroughs. Findings: (1) From a spatial perspective, there is a geographical imbalance in health. (2) From the perspective of time, the health development model can be divided into stable, fluctuating, improving and declining. (3) Health has a promoting effect on technological breakthroughs and industrial structure upgrading. (4) Technological breakthroughs positively regulate health to promote industrial structure upgrading, and health positive regulation technology breakthroughs promote industrial structure upgrading, and the regulatory effect increases marginally.