美国国家科学基金会融合研究资助机制及其对中国的启示

The Funding Mechanism of US NSF Convergence Research and its Inspiration to China

摘要:

融合研究是一种以复杂问题驱动、学科深度融合、创新研究领域和多元主体协同为核心特征的全新科研范式。目前中国的融合研究资助实践探索仍处于起步阶段，亟待形成完善的遴选机制与科学的资助渠道。为此，选取美国国家科学基金会（NSF）为典型案例，在分析融合研究概念内涵及核心特征的基础上，对NSF资助融合研究的战略定位和具体举措、融合研究项目和成果转化设计的资助政策等展开系统研究。分析表明：NSF通过战略规划和投入计划保证资助融合研究作为战略优先事项之一；通过“C-Accel计划”融合研究加速课程设置将融合研究的主题创意加速到社会实践中；通过“不断增长的融合研究”和“C-Accel计划”促进融合研究成果转化。NSF对于融合研究从创意产生到成果转化的全过程资助机制对促进中国融合研究发展提供如下启示：融合研究项目的布局应对接国家战略需求；通过深化体制机制改革构建融合研究文化；创新教育培训模式、培养融合研究人才；增设融合加速项目，促进科研成果转化等。

Abstract:

Convergence research is a new scientific research paradigm which is driven by complex problems, deeply integrated disciplines, innovative research fields and multi-subject collaboration. At present, the practice and exploration of convergence research funding in China is still in the initial stage, and it is urgent to form a perfect selection mechanism and scientific funding channels. To this end, the National Science Foundation (NSF) of the United States is selected as a typical case, and based on the analysis of the conceptual connotation and core characteristics of convergence research, the strategic positioning and specific measures of NSF funding convergence research, funding policies for convergence research projects and results transformation design are systematically studied. The analysis shows that: NSF ensures funding convergence research as one of its strategic priorities through strategic planning and investment plans; Through the "C-Accel Program" accelerated curriculum of convergence research, the theme creativity of convergence research is accelerated to social practice; Promote the translation of convergence research results through the "Growing Convergence Research" and the "C-Accel Program". NSF's funding mechanism for the whole process of convergence research from the generation of ideas to the transformation of results provides the following enlightenment for promoting the development of convergence research in China: The layout of convergence research projects should meet the national strategic needs; To construct the convergence research culture by deepening the reform of system and mechanism; Innovating education and training mode, cultivating convergence research talents; Add convergence acceleration projects to promote the transformation of scientific research results.