标准“软联通”是推动“一带一路”互联互通高质量发展的重要支撑。本文基于标准技术属性差异视角，使用“一带一路”沿线45个国家2006至2019年面板数据，分析了标准输出对“一带一路”沿线国家全要素生产率的作用机制。得到以下主要结论：（1）中国标准输出对“一带一路”沿线国家全要素生产率具有长期促进作用，主要是通过增强技术效率与规模效率产生作用。（2）一致标准与特有标准对于沿线国家生产率提升均具有拉动作用，一致标准的拉动作用强于特有标准。一致标准主要通过促进技术效率与规模效率，特有标准则主要通过促进技术进步。（3）标准输出对低技术、低标准、非欧盟国家拉动作用较强。特有标准对于高技术、高标准国家的拉动作用要优于一致标准，而一致标准对低技术、低标准、非欧盟国家的拉动作用优于特有标准。本文在揭示标准输出提升“一带一路”沿线国家全要素生产率作用机制的同时，还为如何优化标准输出推动高质量互联互通提供了理论支撑。

"Soft connectivity" through standards is an important support for promoting the high-quality development of the "the Belt and Road" connectivity. Based on the perspective of differences in standard technical attributes, this paper uses the panel data of 45 countries along the "Belt and Road" from 2006 to 2019 to analyze the mechanism of standard output on the total factor productivity of countries along the "Belt and Road". The main conclusions are as follows: (1) China's standard output has a long-term promoting effect on the total factor productivity of countries along the "Belt and Road", mainly through enhancing technical efficiency and scale efficiency. (2) Consistent standards and unique standards have a pulling effect on the productivity improvement of countries along the "Belt and Road", and the pulling effect of consistent standards is stronger than that of unique standards. Consistent standards mainly promote technical efficiency and scale efficiency, while unique standards mainly promote technological progress. (3) Standard output has a strong pulling effect on low technology, low standards and non-EU countries. The pull effect of unique standards on high-tech and high-standard countries is better than that of consistent standards, while the pull effect of consistent standards on low-tech, low-standard and non-EU countries is better than that of unique standards. This paper not only reveals the mechanism of standard output improving the total factor productivity of countries along the "Belt and Road", but also provides theoretical support for how to optimize standard output and promote high-quality interconnection.

国家社会科学基金重大项目“标准推动‘一带一路’沿线国家互联互通的战略与实施路径研究”(18ZDA070)；国家社会科学基金青年项目“以公共服务标准化推动长三角地区高质量发展的路径研究”(19CJL006)；教育部后期资助项目“计量模型中的加总偏误研究”(项目编号:20JHQ060)