基于三螺旋理论的中国城市间产学研创新合作网络结构特征分析

Structural Characteristics Analysis of the Industry-University-Research Innovation Cooperation Network Among Chinese Cities Based on Triple Helix Theory

摘要:

为丰富对城市间产学研合作网络的定量研究，更加精准识别大学、科研机构、企业三大创新主体的有效合作特征，以中国296个地级市2011—2020年联合申请专利、产学研合作申请专利数量为样本，基于三螺旋理论，将产学研专利合作归纳为“产-研”“学-研”“产-学”“产-学-研”等4种类型，运用社会网络分析法对产学研创新合作网络进行定量分析。结果发现：近10年城市联合申请专利数量增长5倍多，且呈逐年上升趋势，但产学研合作申请专利较少、占比较低，且增速缓慢；企业在产学研合作中居于主导地位；产学研创新合作网络密度低、连通度不高，大多数节点间合作强度较低，节点间联系呈“东密西稀、东强西弱”的空间分布格局；网络层次清晰，“核心-边缘”结构明显，以北京为核心的放射状空间结构显著，北京、上海、武汉、南京、西安5个城市处于中心地位，对资源的控制能力及自主能力较强。由此提出要发挥北京等核心节点城市对周边城市的引领带动作用，同时着力培育成都等西部创新中心城市建设，增加西部边缘城市对外创新合作的机会。

Abstract:

In order to enrich the quantitative research on the inter-city industry-university-research cooperation network and more accurately identify the effective cooperation characteristics of the three major innovation entities of universities, scientific research institutions and enterprises, this paper takes the number of joint patent applications and industry-university-research cooperation applications in 296 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2020 as samples. The patent cooperation between industry, university and research can be classified into four types: "industry-research", "learn-research", "industry-study" and "industry-study-research", and the social network analysis method is used to quantitatively analyze the innovation cooperation network between industry, university and research. The results show that: in the past 10 years, the number of urban joint patent applications has increased by more than 5 times, and the trend is rising year by year, but the number of patents filed by industry-university-research cooperation is relatively low, and the growth rate is slow; Enterprises play a leading role in industry-university-research cooperation; The density and connectivity of industry-university-research innovation cooperation network are low, the cooperation intensity between most nodes is low, and the connections between nodes show a spatial distribution pattern of "sparse east and west, strong east and weak west". The network hierarchy is clear, the "core-edge" structure is obvious, and the radial spatial structure with Beijing as the core is obvious. Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Nanjing and Xi 'an are in the central position, and they have strong control and autonomy over resources. Therefore, it is proposed to give play to the leading role of core node cities such as Beijing in neighboring cities, and at the same time, focus on cultivating the construction of western innovation center cities such as Chengdu, so as to increase the opportunities for external innovation cooperation of western fringe cities.