智能医疗机器人应用的伦理风险及其治理路径 ——基于利益相关者视角

Ethical Risks and Governance Paths of the Intelligent Medical Robotics’ Application ——From the Perspective of Stakeholders

摘要:

智能医疗机器人在多维场景中得以广泛应用，促使人类医疗服务效率和医疗体验得到有效改善和提升。然而，伴随着医疗机器人行业颠覆性技术发展的同时，其应用也引发了诸多伦理方面的隐忧，产生了不可忽视的安全风险、隐私风险、道德风险、责任风险以及公正风险。医疗机器人伦理风险治理的利益相关者主要涉及管理方、设计方、供给方以及需求方。厘清各主体的角色和责任是实现其伦理治理目标的关键。应当通过将负责任创新融入设计环节、建立严格的伦理审查制度、保护使用者的主体权利、构建医疗机器人的道德能力以及完善伦理风险的法律规制加以规避风险。

关键词:医疗机器人;伦理风险;治理路径;利益相关者

Abstract:

Intelligent medical robots have been widely applied in multi-dimensional scenarios, which promotes the effective improvement and promotion of human medical service efficiency and medical experience. However, along with the development of disruptive technologies in the medical robot industry, its application has also caused many ethical concerns, resulting in security risks, privacy risks, moral risks, liability risks and justice risks that cannot be ignored. The stakeholders of medical robot ethical risk governance mainly involve the management side, the designer side, the supplier side and the demand side. To clarify the role and responsibility of each subject is the key to achieve the goal of ethical governance. Risks should be avoided by integrating responsible innovation into the design process, establishing a strict ethical review system, protecting the user’s rights, building the moral capacity of medical robots and improving the legal regulation of ethical risks.

Key words:medical robotics, ethical risks, governance paths, stakeholders