中非合作背景下“一带一路”沿线非洲科技园区发展特征与策略——基于21个样本园区的分析

Development Characteristics and Strategies of Science and Technology Parks in African Countries Along the Belt and Road in the Context of China-Africa Cooperation: Based on the Analysis of 21 Sample Parks

摘要:

科技园区建设已成为中国深化与“一带一路”沿线非洲国家科技创新合作的重要抓手，为深化对非洲国家科技创新力量的认识，明确未来一段时期中非科技创新合作的战略重点，以“一带一路”沿线非洲国家21个科技园区为样本，从创新生态系统、主导产业、实际开发进程三方面进行分析。研究发现：大部分科技园区都重视发展信息通信技术，对非洲本土资源特色与技术需求重视不足；同时，大部分科技园区仍处于起步发展阶段，以政府管理和公司管理模式为主，存在创新生态系统要素不全、投资与执行力不足导致实际开发进程缓慢等问题。提出通过中非合作推进“一带一路”沿线非洲国家科技园区的发展路径，主要包括鼓励和支持非洲国家设立离岸创新飞地、深化中非产能合作、输出中国科技园区规划建设经验等。

Abstract:

The construction of science and technology parks has become an important vehicle for China to deepen scientific and technological innovation cooperation with African countries along the “Belt and Road”. In order to deepen the understanding of the power of scientific and technological innovation in African countries and clarify the strategic priorities of China-Africa cooperation in science and technology innovation, the paper takes 21 science and technology parks in African countries along the “Belt and Road” as research samples, and analyzes from three aspects: innovation ecosystem, pillar industries, and actual development processes. The paper finds that most of the science and technology parks attach importance to the development of information and communication technology, but do not pay enough attention to the characteristics of local resources and technology needs in Africa. In addition, most of the science and technology parks are still in the initial stage of development, mainly managed by the government or companies, and there are some problems such as incomplete elements of the innovation ecosystem, insufficient investment and execution leading to slow actual development processes and others. The paper puts forward suggestions on promoting the development of science and technology parks in African countries along the “Belt and Road”, mainly including supporting African countries to establish offshore “innovation enclaves”, deepening China-Africa production capacity cooperation, and exporting China's experience in planning and construction of science and technology parks.