美国国防科技创新型人才培养的新模式 ——基于美国“国防开拓”项目的分析

The New Model for Innovative Talents Cultivating of Defense Science and Technology in U.S. : An Analysis Based on the U.S. “Hacking for Defense” Project

摘要:

国防科技创新型人才是构建国家战略科技力量的重要资源，但国内关于这类人才的研究不足，同时也缺乏对国外关于这类人才培养成功模式的研究，而美国的“国防开拓”（H4D）项目为培养国防科技创新型人才提供了全新模式，因此，在梳理H4D项目背景和发展现状基础上，厘清其人才培养框架和过程，总结凝练美国国防科技创新型人才培养模式。研究可见，H4D项目的核心目标就是基于坚持问题导向的特色国防创新文化支撑来培养国防科技创新型人才，运行机制覆盖多部门协同的中观层面和团队创新的微观层面，遵循开放逻辑和融合逻辑，通过“团队组建－问题明确－问题解决－方案评估”过程培养人才。H4D项目由核心目标、运行机制和创新文化构成的国防科技创新型人才培养框架，与中、微观双层运行机制和两大逻辑的三重耦合，推动H4D项目高效运行，实现国防科技创新型人才培养。美国经验给中国的国防科技工作得到的启示包括：健全有组织科研体系、完善需求牵引与利益分配协同的动力机制、畅通军民双向互动渠道等。

Abstract:

Innovative talents in national defense science and technology are crucial resources for developing national strategic scientific and technological power, but domestic research on such talents is insufficient, and there is also a lack of research on the successful mode of cultivating such talents abroad. The program "Hacking for Defense" (H4D) of the United States provides a new mode for cultivating innovative talents in national defense science and technology, therefore, on the basis of sorting out the background and development status of the program, this paper clarifies its talent cultivation framework and process, and summarizes and condenses the US innovative talent cultivation model in national defense science and technology. It can be seen from the study that the core objective of H4D program is to cultivate innovative talents in national defense science and technology based on the support of problem-oriented characteristic national defense innovation culture, and the operation mechanism covers the meso level of multi-departmental synergy and the micro level of team innovation, which follows the logic of openness and fusion, and is carried out through the process of "team formation- problem clarification- problem solving- program evaluation". The framework of cultivating innovative talents in national defense science and technology, which is composed of core objectives, operation mechanism and innovation culture, is triply coupled with the meso and micro two-layer operation mechanism and the two major logics to promote the efficient operation of the H4D program and achieve the goal of cultivating innovative talents in national defense science and technology. The enlightenment gained from the US experience for China's defense science and technology work includes: improving the organized scientific research system, perfecting the dynamic mechanism of demand traction and benefit distribution coordination, and unclogging the two-way military-civilian interaction channels.