美国人工智能在生物医学领域的应用政策研究

Research on the Application Policy of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedicine in the United States

摘要:

人工智能正在改变生物医学领域的研究范式,美国近年来制定了一系列政策推进人工智能在生物医学中的应用。对此,梳理美国联邦政府及各部门的相关政策,从政策制定、组织管理体系、环境建设和跨学科合作视角系统分析美国为促进人工智能在生物医学领域应用的举措。研究发现,美国联邦政府从投资、技术开发、数据及共享、资源保障、道德和社会影响等多个层面对人工智能在生物医学中应用进行战略牵引,生物医学相关各部门积极深耕细作,在数据、工具、人才、资助和监管等方面为生物医学和人工智能之间架设应用桥梁。美国在政策制定过程中充分吸收了多方的跨学科、多样化和跨部门的观点,以设立相关机构和咨询委员会等推进政策实施,促进人工智能与生物医学研究的跨学科合作,建立政产学研医的内外合作伙伴关系,推进数据、工具和环境建设,为生物医学研究人员应用人工智能减少障碍。建议中国从政策制定、组织管理、数据和工具建设、共享应用环境建设、跨学科合作方面加快促进人工智能在生物医学领域的应用,增强自身实力,主动抢占先机。

Abstract:

Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the research paradigm in the field of biomedicine. In recent years, the United States has formulated a series of policies to promote the application of AI in biomedicine. Therefore, the relevant policies from the United States federal government and departments are analyzed, and the measures taken to promote the application of AI in biomedicine are systematically analyzed from the perspective of policy formulation, organization and management, environmental construction and transdisciplinary cooperation. It is found that the United States federal government carried out strategic traction on the application of AI in biomedicine from multiple levels, such as investment, technology development, data and sharing, resource, ethical and social impact, and the departments related to biomedicine worked hard to build an application bridge between biomedicine and AI in data, tools, talent, funding and regulation. In the process of policy formulation, the United States has fully absorbed various transdisciplinary, diversified and intersectoral views. Moreover, several institutions and advisory committees are set up to promote policy implementation, transdisciplinary cooperation between AI and biomedical research, and to encourage internal and external cooperation partnerships among government, industry, science, medical and research. In addition, the construction of data, tools and environment are also improved to reduce obstacles for biomedical researchers to apply AI. It is suggested that China should accelerate the application of AI in biomedicine from the aspects of policy formulation, organization and management, data and tool construction, shared application environment construction, and transdisciplinary cooperation, to enhance the national strength and seize the opportunity.