企业与创新生态系统核心主体合作深度对创新绩效的影响 ——基于专用性投资的调节效应

Impact of Cooperation Depth Between Enterprises and Core Actors of Innovation Ecosystem on Innovation Performance: The Moderating Effect Based on Specific Investments

摘要:

为进一步细化研究创新生态系统中不同类型合作伙伴及合作深度的影响，回答在什么条件下创新生态系统会产生高创新绩效这一问题，考察企业与创新生态系统中的核心主体（供应商、客户、大学及研究机构、政府与金融机构）的合作深度对其创新绩效的影响以及物质资产和人力资本专用性投资两种典型专用性投资在合作深度及创新绩效之间的非线性调节作用。基于对山东、辽宁两省高技术产业的调研数据构造变量测量量表，采用多元回归分析法进行实证检验。结果表明：除了与客户合作深度之外，创新生态系统中企业与不同类型合作伙伴合作深度越高则企业创新绩效越好，其中与政府合作的积极影响最大，与金融机构合作的影响次之，与大学及研究机构合作的影响最小；除了与金融机构的合作外，企业的物质资产专用性投资在企业与其他类型合作伙伴的合作深度对创新绩效影响中存在倒“U”型调节作用，人力资本专用性投资只有在企业与金融机构合作深度对创新绩效影响中具有线性的正向调节作用。由此提出加深创新生态系统主体合作深度、适度运用物质资产专用性投资和充分发挥人力资本专用性投资的正向调节作用等对策建议。

Abstract:

To further refine the impact of partners of different types and the depth of cooperation in the innovation ecosystem, answer the question of under what conditions innovation ecosystems can generate high innovation performance, this paper examines the impact of the depth of cooperation between enterprises and the core actors in innovation ecosystems (i.e., suppliers, customers, universities and research institutes, governments, and financial institutions) on their innovation performance, and the non-linear moderating effect of the two types of typical specific investments, namely, investments in physical assets and investments in human capital, on the relationship between cooperation depth and innovation performance. Based on the survey data of high-tech industries in Shandong and Liaoning province, a variable measurement scale is constructed, and empirical testing is carried out by multiple regression analysis. The research results show that except cooperation with customers, the higher the cooperation depth of other different types of partners in the innovation ecosystem, the better the innovation performance of the enterprise, among them, cooperation with the government has the greatest positive impact, followed by cooperation with financial institutions, and cooperation with universities and research institutions; except cooperation with financial institutions, the specific investment in physical assets have an inverted U-shaped moderating effect on the impact of cooperation depth, however, human capital-specific investment only has a linear positive moderating effect on the relationship between the cooperation depth with financial institutions. Therefore, the following countermeasures are proposed: enterprises can deepen the cooperation depth of the subject of the innovation ecosystem, appropriately utilize physical asset-specific investments, and give full play to the positive regulatory role of capital-specific investments.