自动驾驶汽车由于人机混合控制带来新的集体责任归属难题。按照社会技术系统的理论框架，自动驾驶汽车中出现的“责任缺场”“责任鸿沟”“多手问题”等归责难题不仅与技术系统内部缺陷有关，还与技术与社会各个子系统的耦合出现障碍紧密相关，从社会技术耦合障碍看归责难题的成因：技术系统内部的事故车辆行驶数据追溯难；“技术—环境”耦合中运营的制度环境和基础设施建设滞后；“技术-组织”耦合中企业伦理自查和外部监管不严；“技术-人员”耦合中工程师负责任创新意识不强和用户道德责任认识不清。由此从技术支持、硬件支撑、法律保障、保险护航、更新观念等五方面提出了归责难题治理策略。

Abstract: The hybrid control of self-driving automobiles brings new collective responsibility attribution problem. According to the the theoretical framework of socio-technological systems, the imputation problems such as "absence of liability subject", "responsibility gap" and "many hands problem" in self-driving automobiles are not only related to the internal defects of technical system, but also closely related to the coupling barriers between technology and social subsystems. Specifically, the causes of the imputation problem are as follows: it is difficult to trace the driving data of the accident vehicle within the technical system; The institutional environment of operation and infrastructure construction lagging in the "technology-environment" coupling;corporate ethics self-examination and external supervision are not strict in the "technology-organization" coupling; the engineer's sense of responsible innovation is not strong and the user's moral responsibility is not clear in the "technical-personnel" coupling . Therefore at last we put forward the governance strategy of imputation problem from five aspects of the technical support, hardware support, legal guarantee, insurance escort, update concept.

C939

本文为国家社科“人机融合智能的道德风险及其协同治理研究”(20BZX029)的阶段性研究成果。