央地政策协同对我国燃料电池汽车行业发展的作用效果 ——多主体创新视角

Effect of Central and Local Policy Coordination on the Development of China's Fuel Cell Automobile Industry: Multi-agent Innovation Perspective

摘要:

鉴于关于我国燃料电池汽车产业的央地政策协同效应如何及其究竟在多大程度上促进了产业多主体创新发展等问题尚不清晰的现状，深入探讨央地产业政策协同状况及其作用效果，以有效发挥政策合力促进行业发展。围绕促进多主体创新这一产业政策作用的关键，基于对打通创新链和产业链融合通路的政策作用机制分析，构建中央与燃料电池汽车示范城市群政策协同理论框架，从作用层面划分推动型、拉动型和保障型3类政策共9项细分措施，利用2011－2021年间中央和5个示范城市群的153份政策，采用状态协同度模型和复合系统协同度模型，以多主体创新视角进行样本数据分析，并应用回归分析检验政策协同对行业发展的促进作用。结果表明：3类政策的央地政策协同演化均呈“Ｗ”状，总体协同度在提升，但过程不够稳定；9项细分措施的央地协同水平普遍较高，达到高度协同的占比达71%；央地政策复合系统的协同度演化虽各呈现不同波动，但均在2020与2021两年达到最高协同水平；政策协同度对行业创新绩效具有显著正向影响效应。由此提出未来在产业的央地政策中应加强对多主体创新的引导规划，促进产业链和创新链融合；地方政府应完善政策实施过程中的调配运行机制，稳步提高3类政策的协同性。

Abstract:

In view of the unclear status quo about the synergy effect of central and local policies in China's fuel cell vehicle industry and to what extent it promotes the innovation and development of multi-subject industries, this paper discusses the synergy of central local industrial policies and their effects in depth, so as to effectively play the joint force of policies to promote the development of the industry. Focusing on the key role of promoting multi-agent innovation as an industrial policy, based on the analysis of the policy mechanism of opening up the innovation chain and industrial chain integration channel, the policy coordination theoretical framework of the central and fuel cell vehicle demonstration city clusters is constructed, and a total of 9 subdivision measures are divided into three types of policies from the role level: promotion, pull and guarantee, and 153 policies of the central government and five demonstration city clusters from 2011 to 2021 are used, and the state synergy model and composite system synergy model are adopted. Sample data analysis is carried out from the perspective of multi-agent innovation, and regression analysis is applied to test the promotion effect of policy synergy on industry development. The results show that the coordinated evolution of central and local policies of the three types of policies is "W"-shaped, and the overall coordination degree is improving, but the process is not stable enough; the level of coordination between the central and local governments of the 9 subdivision measures is generally high, accounting for 71% of the high degree of coordination; although the degree of synergy of the central and local policy composite systems shows different fluctuations, they all reached the highest level of coordination in 2020 and 2021; and the degree of policy coordination has a significant positive impact on the innovation performance of the industry. Therefore, it is proposed that for the future of fuel cell vehicle industry, the central government should strengthen guidance and planning of multi-subject innovation and promote the integration of industrial chain and innovation chain; local governments should improve the allocation and operation mechanism in the process of policy implementation, and steadily improve the synergy of the three types of policies.