基于后果主义的地球工程不公平风险及其应对

Unfair Risk of Geoengineering based on consequentialism and Its Countermeasures

摘要:

地球工程在全球范围的实施具有巨大的不确定性与伦理风险,其中一个非常重要的伦理风险为不公平风险。布鲁姆的公平理论为我们提供了一个分析视角和新的发现,实施地球工程潜在的不公平风险包括,可能对气候变化责任较小方造成不成比例的伤害,实施成本可能给后代带来负担以及实施中可能产生排他性决策。对于这些不公平风险,通过改进技术设计、政治策略和补偿等基于后果主义的解决方案都是不足的。因此,需要一种基于非后果主义——风险过程分析的解决方案,即从风险产生根源开始考量风险的预防措施,并对预期风险进行合理分配,以最大程度地解决其潜在的不公平问题。

Abstract:

There are great uncertainties and ethical risks in the global implementation of geoengineering, one of which is unfair risk. Bloom"s equity theory provides us with an analytical perspective and new findings that the potential unfair risks of geoengineering include the possibility of disproportionate harm to parties less responsible for climate change, the burden of implementation costs on future generations, and the possibility of exclusive decisions during implementation. Consequentialist solutions to these inequitable risks through improved technical design, political strategy, and compensation are inadequate. Therefore, a solution based on non-consequentialism - risk process analysis is needed, that is, preventive measures should be taken to consider risks from their origin, and reasonable distribution of expected risks should be carried out to solve potential inequities to the greatest extent.