高校科技成果转化要素结构性差异与配置困境——基于TOE理论与扎根理论的联合探索

Structural Differences and Allocation Dilemmas of the Transformation Elements of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Universities ——A Joint Exploration Based on TOE Theory and Grounded Theory

摘要:

科技成果转化效能低一直是推进科技赋能、实现科技强国的阻力。为推动科技成果转化效能提升，需要从各要素出发，探索要素结构性差异和配置困境，助力科技成果转化全要素配置。结合TOE理论和扎根理论，构建包含技术、组织、环境3类主范畴、8类次范畴在内的高校科技成果转化要素分析框架，对16个不同领域高校科技成果转化案例分类进行对比。研究发现，高校科技成果转化要素配置结构主要分为4类：环境制约型、技术—组织依赖型、环境—组织依赖型、均衡配置型；要素配置困境主要来源于政府、市场、高校、专业服务机构、科研团队五大主体，当前存在顶层设计缺失、专业服务体系不健全、人才流失、技术与市场供需不匹配等困境。

Abstract:

The low transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements has been hindering the the realization of scientific and technological empowerment. The scientific and technological achievements transformation system is a complex multi-element aggregate. In order to promote the transformation efficiency, it is necessary to pay attention to each element, explore the participation status, combination mode and weight differences of each element and reveal the structural differences and difficulties in the transformation process of different types of scientific and technological achievements so as to provide a feasible path for configuring the elements that promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. The study mainly collects data through field research and literature and conducts a qualitative analysis with grounded theory and technology-organization-environment theory as the core framework. It searches for interview subjects by combining typical and atypical case screening. The case involves the participation of elements such as technology, talent, organization, team, system, market, and environment. Finally, based on the grounded theory, combined with the technology-organization-environment framework, the study constructs an analytical framework for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in universities. It mainly includes three main categories of technology, organization, and environment, and eight subcategories. It is found that the configuration structure of the transformation elements of scientific and technological achievements in universities is mainly divided into four categories: the environment-constrained type, the technology-organization-dependent type, the environment-organization-dependent type, and the balanced configuration type. Different types of structures exist in different fields of study. This difference is mainly due to the technical attributes, easy access of resource allocation and so on. In addition, there are instability and diversity in the change of element configuration structure. This structure varies with the government policies and types of universities. The dilemma of element allocation mainly comes from the government, the market, universities, professional service institutions, and scientific research teams. There are mainly dilemmas such as lack of top-level design, imperfect professional service system, talent allocation and loss, and mismatch between technology and market supply and demand, mainly due to the poor transmission of elements between the five major subjects. The achievement transformation system has not yet formed a closed loop and has not formed a virtuous transformation cycle.