科技成果转化的异质性的实证研究 ——基于不同创新主体视角

An Empirical Study on the Heterogeneity of the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements ——Based on the perspective of different innovation subjects

摘要:

本文采用回归分析的最小二乘法（OLS）计量模型，对不同创新主体科技成果转化的异质性进行了研究，从目前的情况来看，混合所有制企业和私营企业对科研活动的人员投入和经费投入要高于其他所有制企业，其科技成果产出也高出其他类型的企业。外商投资企业产出效率要高于国有企业。集体企业对科技研发活动重视度不够高。计量模型实证表明，2018-2022年，混合所有制企业、私营企业在科技成果转化投入、产出这几个方面具有更多优势，从科技成果转化活动效率角度来说，港澳台商投资企业、外商投资企业优势显著。国有企业科技成果转化活动缺乏竞争力。混合所有制是我国科技成果转化的重要支柱，而民营企业则是其中的主体；外资企业的技术引进，在很大程度上促进了我国的科技成果转化；在科技成果转化活动中，国有企业投入多产出少，效率较低；集体企业的科技成果转化效果需进一步提高。结合分析，提出适当增加公有制企业的私有股份，增加有效扶持，提高企业自主创新能力等建议。

Abstract:

This paper uses the least squares (OLS) econometric model of regression analysis to study the heterogeneity of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of different innovation subjects, and the current situation analysis shows that the investment and funding of mixed-ownership enterprises and private enterprises in scientific and technological R&D activities are higher than those of other ownership enterprises, and their scientific and technological achievement output is also higher than that of other types of enterprises. The output efficiency of foreign-invested enterprises is higher than that of state-owned enterprises. Collective enterprises do not attach enough importance to scientific and technological research and development activities. The empirical evidence of the econometric model shows that from 2018 to 2022, mixed-ownership enterprises and private enterprises have more advantages in the input and output of scientific and technological achievements transformation, and from the perspective of the efficiency of scientific and technological achievements transformation activities, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investment enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises have significant advantages. The transformation of scientific and technological achievements of state-owned enterprises lacks competitiveness. The pillar of China's scientific and technological achievements transformation activities is mixed-ownership enterprises, and the important participants in scientific and technological achievements transformation activities are private enterprises; To a large extent, the introduction of technology by foreign-invested enterprises plays a role in promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in China. In the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, state-owned enterprises have more input and less output, and their efficiency is low; The transformation effect of scientific and technological achievements of collective enterprises needs to be further improved. Combined with the analysis, suggestions are put forward to appropriately increase the private shares of public-owned enterprises, increase effective support, and improve the independent innovation ability of enterprises.