高质量发展背景下我国西部地区高校科研效率及其影响因素研究 ——基于超效率DEA视窗-Malmquist-Tobit模型

Research on Scientific Research Efficiency and Influencing Factors of Universities in Western China under the Perspective of High-Quality Development:Based on Super-Efficiency DEA Window-Malmquist-Tobit Model

摘要:

科学研究是西部地区高等教育高质量发展的重要驱动力，对西部地区高校科研效率及影响因素的探究对于促进教育、经济、社会协调发展具有深远意义。以2010-2019年我国西部11个省区为研究对象，运用超效率DEA视窗-Malmquist-Tobit模型测算我国西部地区省际科研效率。结果表明：2019年全国三大地区科研效率均有明显提升，且西部地区科研效率高于中、东部地区。相比2010年，综合效率和技术效率有效地区数均有所增长，但是规模效率均未达到有效状态。动态效率分析显示，西部地区科研效率变化呈现“M”型波动趋势，受政策影响较为明显。9个省区全要素生产效率大于1，新疆和宁夏高校科研效率的下降低主要源于技术进步效率降低。影响因素分析表明，人力资源处于“冗余”状态，政府支持、地区经济结构、人口聚集程度与其呈现显著正相关。因此，可以通过提升人力资本质量、优化科研经费投入与分配管理机制以及推动集群化发展来提升西部高校科研效率。

Abstract:

Scientific research is an important driving force for the high-quality development of higher education in western China, and the exploration of scientific research efficiency and influencing factors of universities in western China has far-reaching significance for promoting the coordinated development of education, economy and society.Taking 11 provinces and regions in western China from 2010 to 2019 as the research object, the super-efficiency DEA Window-Malmquist-Tobit model was used to calculate the inter-provincial scientific research efficiency of universities in western China. The results show that the scientific research efficiency in the three major regions is significantly improved in 2019, and the scientific research efficiency in the western regions is higher than that in the central and eastern regions. Compared with 2010, the number of effective areas with comprehensive efficiency and technical efficiency has increased, but the scale efficiency has not reached the effective state. The dynamic efficiency analysis shows that the change of scientific research efficiency in the western region presents a "M" type fluctuation trend, which is obviously affected by the policy. The total factor production efficiency of 9 provinces and regions is greater than 1, and the reduction of scientific research efficiency in universities in Xinjiang and Ningxia is mainly due to the reduced efficiency of technological progress. The influencing factors analysis shows that human resources are in a state of "redundancy", and government support, regional economic structure and population aggregation are significantly positively correlated with scientific research efficiency Therefore, the efficiency of scientific research can be improved by improving the quality of human capital, optimizing the management mechanism of the investment and allocation of scientific research funds, and promoting the development of higher education clusters.