从工程与技术的“视差之见”看我国芯片制造产业的发展

The development of China's chip manufacturing industry from the perspective of "parallax" of engineering and technology

摘要:

随着生产力不断提高，当今高科技领域越来越显示出多学科多技术的交叉融合的特点，对应的工程方面则体现在产业链长且公司众多，通过深入剖析当前热点的芯片制造业能够比较清晰反映出这个特点。总结此类工程技术内涵和产业发展特点有助于正确认识芯片制造产业，利于正确指导政策制定以及对未来的行业发展进行更精准预期。虽然整体看来，产业工程和技术探索所做的内容范畴驱同，然而其同一内容的不同方面比重不同，仍然使得其在执行过程中有着本质区别，最终也会体现在一系列政策考量，如资金投入回报周期、人才能力需求和产业匹配度、配套基础设施要求等方面的差异。虽然宏观上工程包含技术，但技术仍可以独立存在于工程之外，如何正确认识并辩证分析其内在联系，是指导产业发展的前提。

Abstract:

With the continuous improvement of productivity, today's high-tech field increasingly shows the characteristics of interdisciplinary and multi-technical integration. The corresponding engineering aspects are reflected in the long industrial chain and many companies. Through in-depth analysis of the current hot chip manufacturing industry, this feature can be clearly reflected. Summing up the connotation of such engineering technology and the characteristics of industrial development is conducive to a correct understanding of the chip manufacturing industry, a correct guidance of policy-making and a more accurate expectation of future industrial development. Although the content categories of industrial engineering and technological exploration are the same as the whole, the different proportion of the same content still makes the essential difference in the process of implementation, which will eventually be reflected in a series of policy considerations, such as the difference in the return cycle of capital investment, talent ability demand and industrial matching degree, and the requirements of supporting infrastructure. Although engineering includes technology in the macro sense, technology can still exist independently of engineering. How to correctly understand and dialectically analyze its internal relations is the premise to guide the industrial development.