科学生产率视角下我国理工学科“双碳”研究现状分析

Current Situation Analysis of the Research of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in Science and Engineering in China from the Perspective of Scientific Productivity

摘要:

关注“双碳”学科建设和科技创新中职业学者这一相对稳定的人才队伍，以及作为减碳、降碳、固碳重要科技和工程基础的理工类学科的“双碳”研究发展状况，为学科发展和科技政策制定提供相关依据。从科学生产率视角出发，引入职业学者概念，根据文献调研和专家咨询确定11个与“双碳”相关的理工学科，基于期刊学科映射表选择学科重要期刊，通过采取关键词统计、专家经验、分类算法等确定相关论文，并根据发文量特征确定作者中的职业学者，形成可供进一步分析的数据，然后从人员投入、论文产出、知识创新效率3个方面设计指标，分析、对比职业学者群体在各学科领域的发展特征，找出“双碳”科研发展存在的突出问题。结果显示：我国理工类“双碳”科技人才、论文产出在总体上增长较快。职业学者方面，其“双碳”论文产出处于明显的支配地位，是学科新知识的主要贡献者，但其创造新知识的速度与普通作者相比要差一些；其科学生产率也远超过普通学者，且其科学生产率变化一般要显著优于全部作者，只有石油与天然气工程学科是个例外。但同时存在理科发展受阻和环境科学与工程、交通运输工程、石油与天然气工程、矿业工程等4个工科学科知识创新效率下降较快的问题，特别是化学、大气科学、石油与天然气工程和环境科学与工程4个学科的职业学者的科学生产率明显下降问题，并针对此提出采取措施重视理科学科的“双碳”科研发展、提高学者的科学生产率和充分发挥现有工科学科的人才和成果优势等建议。

Abstract:

It will provide relevant decision support for discipline development and science and technology policy formulation in Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality (CPCN) to concern professional scholars which are relatively stable research groups, and analyze the current situation in science and engineering disciplines which are important scientific and engineering foundations for carbon emission reduction, carbon reduction and carbon sequestration. From the perspective of scientific productivity, the concept of professional scholars is introduced, and 11 science and engineering disciplines related to CPCN are identified according to literature survey and suggestions of experts. Afterwards, scientific papers are collected from 67 important journals based on the mapping table between journals and disciplines. The analysis dataset is created based on keyword statistics, expert experience, and classification algorithms. The professional scholars among authors are determined according to the characteristics of publication counts. Then, personnel investment indicators, scientific output indicators and knowledge innovation efficiency indicators are designed to discover prominent problems by analyzing and comparing the development characteristics of professional scholars in various disciplines. The results show that the overall growth of authors and publications in CPCN disciplines in China is relatively fast. As for professional scholars, their scientific publications are clearly dominant and they are the main contributors to new knowledge in CPCN disciplines. However, their speed of creating new knowledge is slower than that of ordinary authors. Their scientific productivity is also much higher than that of ordinary scholars, and their growth speeds in scientific productivity is significantly better than other authors in all disciplines with the exception of the discipline of petroleum and natural gas engineering. At the same time, two prominent problems are found. The first problem is that there are some obstacles in the development of CPCN science disciplines. The second problem is that the declining of scientific productivity has emerged in four CPCN engineering disciplines, namely environmental science and engineering, transportation engineering, oil and gas engineering, and mining engineering. In particular, the scientific productivity of professional scholars has significantly decreased in four engineering disciplines, namely chemistry, atmospheric science, oil and gas engineering, and environmental science and engineering. In response to this, some constructive suggestions are proposed, such as attaching importance to CPCN science disciplines, improving the scientific productivity of scholars, and fully leveraging the talent and achievements advantages of CPCN engineering disciplines.