美国对华科技限制动因、手段与应对策略

A Study on the Reasons, Measures, and Response Strategies of U.S. Technology Restrictions on China

摘要:

近年来中国整体科技实力的不断提升成为美国对中国采取多种科技限制政策的直接原因。梳理美国对华实行科技围堵的动因和具体表现，旨在明确美国对华科技战略逻辑重点并针对此制定应对之策。研究发现，美国发起科技围堵的根源在于美国对自身霸权衰落的焦虑。美国通过出台系列法案限制中国科技企业技术出口、拉拢盟友建立“技术联盟”、加强对中国企业在美投资的资产审查和严格限制敏感技术对华出口等一系列围堵手段，导致中国进口尖端科技产品的难度加大，科创产品外企着手撤出中国，需要特别警惕中美科技竞赛外溢到其他领域的风险。为此，中国可从三方面缓解美国对华科技限制造成的负面影响，包括建立政府主导、多主体参与的科技发展模式；利用广阔的市场和良好的营商环境留住和吸引外资科创企业；扩大两国技术领域的合作增长点，主动塑造中美科技竞争合作的良性互动关系。

Abstract:

In recent years, the continuous improvement of China's overall technological strength has become a direct reason for the United States to adopt various technology restriction policies against China. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the logical priorities of the US science and technology strategy towards China and formulate countermeasures against them. It is found that the root cause of the United States' technological blockade lies in its anxiety about the decline of its own hegemony. The United States has adopted a series of measures to restrict the export of technology by Chinese science and technology enterprises, draw Allies to establish "technology alliances", strengthen the asset examination of Chinese enterprises' investment in the United States, and strictly restrict the export of sensitive technologies to China. As a result, it has become more difficult for China to import cutting-edge scientific and technological products, and foreign companies in scientific and technological innovation products have begun to withdraw from China. It is necessary to be particularly vigilant about the risk of China US technology competition spilling over to other fields. To this end, China can alleviate the negative impact of US technology restrictions on China from three aspects, including establishing a government led and multi subject participation technology development model. What is more, China should utilizes the vast market and favorable business environment to retain and attract foreign science and technology innovation enterprises. Besides, China can expand the growth points of cooperation in the field of technology between the two countries, and actively shape a positive interactive relationship between China and the United States in scientific and technological competition and cooperation.