农户低碳农业技术采纳行为影响因素分析

Analysis on Influencing factors of low carbon agricultural technology adoption behavior of farmers

摘要:

推广低碳农业经营能够有效应对和化解日益严重的农业生态环境和农地不足问题，农户将是直接受益者。本文构建农户低碳农业技术采纳行为激励框架，深入挖掘影响农户采纳行为的因素。结果表明：（1）农户低碳农业技术采纳行为兼具“自发性”、“诱导性”和“约束性”三重行动逻辑，其采纳决策受到效率标准和制度环境的影响。输血式推广低碳农业模式可持续性低，造血式模式相反。（2）农户采纳行为影响机制可提炼为行为激活、发生和约束机制。其中生态认知和技术培训会激活农户采纳行为，政府政策补贴、邻里效应等会推动农户采纳行为发生，生产技术获取难度、风险、成本限制等会约束农户采纳行为。（3）低碳农业与传统模式相比，具有更高的经济、生态、社会效益，但也伴随着更复杂的生产技术和更高的资金要求。在推广过程中存在主体力量失衡，政府“补贴错配”、市场监管不完善等问题。政府应联合民间第三方非营利组织，构建多元化政策主体协同推动机制，拓宽技术传播渠道，激活意见领袖社会规范的带动作用，完善外在制度环境，为农户的采纳行为提供合法支持，推动低碳农业模式的发展。

Abstract:

The promotion of low-carbon agricultural management can effectively deal with and resolve the increasingly serious agricultural ecological environment and agricultural land shortage problems, farmers will be the direct beneficiaries. This paper constructs the incentive framework of low carbon agricultural technology adoption behavior of farmers, and deeply excavates the factors that affect farmers' adoption behavior. The results show that :(1)The adoption of low-carbon agricultural technologies by farmers has a triple action logic of "spontaneous", "inducement" and "constraints", and their adoption decisions are affected by efficiency standards and institutional environment. The blood transfusion model of promoting low-carbon agriculture is less sustainable, while the hematopoietic model is the opposite. (2) The influencing mechanism of household adoption behavior can be refined into the activation, occurrence and constraint mechanism of behavior. Among them, ecological cognition and technical training will activate farmers' adoption behavior, government subsidies and neighborhood effect will promote farmers' adoption behavior, and the difficulty for acquiring low-carbon agricultural technology, its risk and cost restrictions will constrain farmers' adoption behavior.(3)Compared with the traditional model, low-carbon agriculture has higher economic, ecological and social benefits, but it is also accompanied by more complex production technology and higher capital requirements. In the process of promotion, there are some problems such as the imbalance of main force, the government's "subsidy mismatch" and the imperfect market supervision. The government should cooperate with non-governmental organizations to build a diversified policy network for the cooperative promotion mechanism to broaden the channels of technology dissemination. Through activating the driving role of opinion leaders, improving the external institutional environment and providing legal support for farmers' adoption behavior, then we can promote the development of low-carbon agriculture.