科技成果转化导向下欧盟关键原材料体制机制剖析与启示

Enlightenment of EU critical raw materials system under the orientation of scientific and technological achievements transformation

摘要:

受国际政治经济关系与领域技术变革的双重影响,关键原材料供应的安全与创新成为世界各国关注的焦点。欧盟制定了以科技成果转化为导向的原材料发展体制机制,为欧盟内部带来了巨大的经济、社会和环境效益,其发展路径、组织模式对于我国关键原材料供应具有一定的借鉴意义。本文通过对欧盟原材料知识和创新社区(European Institute of Innovation Technology Raw materials,EIT-R)的体制机制、科技成果转化体系及路径进行深度剖析,得出EIT-R具有战略目标明确、组织机构透明、转化模式高效、转化可持续等特点。最后针对我国原材料发展现状,提出我国关键原材料领域在国家层面的战略布局导向与组织实施的战术落实建议,以期建立科技成果为导向的关键原材料新型举国创新体制机制。

Abstract:

Affected by international political and economic environment as well as technological upgrading, the security and innovation of the supply of critical raw materials are the focus of attention in the world. As a result, the European Union established a system mechanism of raw materials development guided by scientific and technological achievements which brings a huge economic, social and environmental benefit for Europe, and its development path and organization mode have a certain reference significance to our country. Based on the analysis of the system and path of scientific and technological achievements transformation to the European Institute of Innovation Technology Raw Materials (EIT-R), it is concluded that EIT-R has clear strategic objectives, transparent organization, efficient transformation mode and sustainable transformation. In view of the current situation of the development of raw materials, the paper puts forward the strategic layout guidance and tactics implementation suggestion at the national level in the field of critical raw materials, so as to establish a new nationwide innovation system for critical raw materials, which is oriented by scientific and technological achievements.