科技创新制度难以量化，目前关于科技创新制度评价的相关研究也较少。为进一步加强对我国科技创新制度本身以及制度建设的认识，尝试探索构建国家层面的科技创新制度评价体系，以期为评价科技创新制度成效提供工具参考，为我国科技创新制度的实施、执行、发展提供相关可靠信息，进而促进我国的科技创新和制度创新同向而行、协同推进。从科技投入制度、科技管理制度、科技评估制度、创新人才培育制度、科技政策支撑体系5个维度构建国家科技创新制度评价指标体系，通过问卷调研，采用模糊综合评价法并结合主客观权重赋值，分别对制度总体和5个维度层面的制度水平进行评价。结果发现：我国科技创新制度水平处于较好级别，其中高校科技创新制度成效评价最高，其次为科研院所人员及研发机构；创新人才培育制度在5个维度中的权重最高，是对科技创新制度的最大影响因素。基于研究结论，提出进一步完善我国科技创新制度的对策建议：加大科技创新资源投入并优化资源配置，积极构建高效的科技管理机制、提高创新效率，加强科技评估规范化、突出创新导向，加强创新人才制度设计的系统性、探索形成更加科学合理且富有活力的人才培育机制。

The system of scientific and technological innovation is difficult to quantify, and there is currently relatively little research on the evaluation of scientific and technological innovation systems. In order to further strengthen the understanding of China's scientific and technological innovation system and institutional construction, provide tool references for evaluating the effectiveness of scientific and technological innovation systems, provide relevant reliable information for the implementation, execution, and development of China's scientific and technological innovation system, and promote the coordinated promotion of scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation in China, we attempt to explore the construction of a national level evaluation system for scientific and technological innovation systems. Construct a national evaluation index system for scientific and technological innovation system from five dimensions: scientific and technological investment system, scientific and technological management system, scientific and technological evaluation system, innovative talent cultivation system, and scientific and technological policy support system. Through questionnaire research, use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and combine subjective and objective weight assignment to evaluate the overall and five dimensional levels of the system. The results showed that the level of China's scientific and technological innovation system is at a good level, with the highest evaluation of the effectiveness of university scientific and technological innovation system, followed by personnel from research institutes and research and development institutions; The innovation talent cultivation system has the highest weight among the five dimensions and is the biggest influencing factor on the technology innovation system. Based on the research findings, countermeasures and suggestions for further improving China's scientific and technological innovation system are proposed: increasing investment in scientific and technological innovation resources and optimizing resource allocation, actively constructing efficient scientific and technological management mechanisms, improving innovation efficiency, strengthening standardization of scientific and technological evaluation, highlighting innovation orientation, strengthening the systematic design of innovative talent systems, and exploring the formation of a more scientific, reasonable, and dynamic talent cultivation mechanism.

北京市社科基金重点项目“完善科技创新机制研究”(项目编号:20LLGLB041)。