日本产学官合作助推创新生态系统建设的实践经验及其对中国产学研融合发展的启示

Practical Experiences of Japanese Industry-university-government Cooperation in Facilitating the Construction of Innovation Ecosystems and Its Implications for China's Industry-university-research Integration Development

摘要:

日本自第四期科学技术创新基本计划启动以来，助推创新生态系统建设成为其产学官合作的核心目标。为全面系统把握日本“产学官”纵深推动创新生态系统建设的合作机制，从驱动因素、规划设计、落地实践三方面入手进行分析，并以在区域创新生态系统建设计划中被评为优秀等级的“筑波创新生态系统”项目的建设实施为案例，具体分析其运作模式。分析结果表明，在创新驱动方面，科技创新作为产学官合作主体的利益联结点推动了政府、学术界、产业界持续深入地参与产学官合作活动；在制度举措方面，日本政府从构建“产学官”知识循环体系、提升产学官合作的规模与效能、加固并拓宽产学官合作桥梁、加速推进跨界主体的深度融合入手，对产学官合作政策进行了进阶优化。案例分析表明，立足区域优势规划设计、强化中介力量以推动跨界交互、促进协同运行以实现从知识生产到创新制造的循环迭代是日本产学官合作的实践特征。借鉴日本经验，未来我国产学研协同创新推进应在顶层设计上建立完善产学研融合发展机制、在驱动主体方面推动构建多元协同创新合作体、在动力核心方面充分发挥大学的知识生产作用、在运行保障方面注重引入中介协调力量。

关键词:产学官合作;创新生态系统;协同创新;日本

Abstract:

Since the launch of the 4th Science and Technology Basic Plan in Japan, contributing to the development of innovation ecosystem has become a core objective of industry-university-government cooperation. In order to comprehensively and systematically grasp the cooperation mechanism of Japanese "industry-university-government" in promoting the construction of innovation ecosystems in depth, this paper analyses the three aspects of driving factors, planning and design, and on-the-ground practice,and takes the construction and implementation of the "Tsukuba Innovation Ecosystem", which has been rated as an excellent project in the Regional Innovation Ecosystem Construction Plan, as a case study, and analyses its mode of operation in concrete terms.The analysis results show that, in terms of innovation drive, science and technology innovation as the interest linkage of the main body of industry-university-government cooperation has driven the government, universities and industries to continuously and deeply participate in industry- university- government cooperation activities;and in terms of institutional initiatives, the Japanese government has advanced and optimized its policy on industry-university-government cooperation by constructing the "University-Industry-Government" knowledge circulation system,increasing the scale and effectiveness of industry-university-government cooperation, strengthening and widening the bridges between industry-university-government cooperation, and accelerating the deeper integration of cross-border actors.The case studies show that planning and designing based on regional advantages, strengthening intermediary forces to promote cross-border interactions, and facilitating synergistic operations to realize the iterative cycle from knowledge production to innovation and manufacturing are the practical features of Japan's industry-academia-government cooperation.Drawing on Japan's experience, in the future, China's industry-university-research collaborative innovation should be promoted by establishing a perfect mechanism for the integration and development of industry-university-research at the top level, promoting the construction of a multi-dimensional collaborative innovation cooperation in terms of the main driving force, giving full play to the role of the university's knowledge production in terms of the core of the driving force, and focusing on the introduction of an intermediary co-ordination force in terms of the operational guarantee.

Key words:industry-university-government cooperation; innovation ecosystem; collaborative innovation; Japan