金融科技赋能商业银行的行业就业水平演化效应

Evolutionary Effects of Industry Employment Levelsin Fintech-enabled Commercial Banks

摘要:

理论上讲,金融科技赋能商业银行一方面可以部分替代人力资本,另一方面引致对新技能劳动需求的上升,带来新的就业机会,并因此改变商业银行内部劳动就业水平。本文基于188家商业银行2010-2021年数据,使用双向固定效应模型,研究金融科技赋能商业银行对其劳动就业水平的影响,并以银行规模、从业人员教育程度和技能水平分样本进行异质性检验分析。研究结果表明,从整体上看,金融科技赋能商业银行降低了劳动就业水平,该结论在稳健性检验后仍旧成立。异质性检验表明,金融科技赋能商业银行对于低教育程度、低技能型员工会带来显著的就业替代效应,但对于高技术型劳动的替代效应不明显；城商行和规模较小的商业银行中,金融科技赋能带来的劳动就业水平的冲击效应更明显。本文研究结论对于银行业劳动就业水平和结构演化提供了新的观察视角。

Abstract:

Theoretically, fintech-enabled commercial banks can partially replace human capital on the one hand, and lead to an increase in the demand for newly skilled labour on the other, leading to new employment opportunities and consequently changing labour employment levels within commercial banks. This paper examines the impact of fintech-enabled commercial banks on their employment levels using a two-way fixed effects model based on data from 188 commercial banks over the period 2010-2021, and analyses the heterogeneity of the sample by bank size, education and skill level of employees. The findings show that, on the whole, fintech-enabled commercial banks reduce labour employment levels, a finding that still holds after robustness testing. The heterogeneity test shows that fintech-enabled commercial banks bring about a significant employment substitution effect for low-educated and low-skilled employees, but not for highly skilled labour; the shock effect on labour employment levels brought about by fintech-enabled commercial banks is more pronounced among urban commercial banks and smaller commercial banks. The findings of this paper provide a new perspective on the evolution of labour employment levels and structures in the banking sector.