数据要素赋能与企业人力资本升级——来自国家级大数据综合试验区的经验证据

Empowerment of Data Elements and Upgrading of Corporate Human Capital: Empirical Evidence from a National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone

摘要:

充分发挥人才第一资源作用,推动数据要素与人力资本升级深度耦合,是新发展格局下破解发展难题,实现经济高质量发展的关键之举。本文以国家级大数据综合试验区作为实证场域,基于2011-2021年沪深A股上市公司数据,检验了数据要素赋能对于企业人力资本升级的促进作用。研究结果表明:国家级大数据综合试验区建设的数据要素赋能功效有力推动了企业人力资本升级与人才队伍扩张,一系列的稳健性检验有力支撑了上述结论；企业层面产权性质与创新属性的不同、区域层面的地理区位与行政层级的区别导致了经营策略与资源禀赋差异,对企业人力资本升级产生了异质性影响；国家级大数据综合试验区建设畅通了企业数字化转型渠道,通过“创新激励”效应和“规模扩张”效应作用于人力资本升级进程；扩展性讨论表明,数据要素赋能也会增加部分低技能劳动力岗位,带来企业雇佣规模的扩张。

Abstract:

The full utilization of human talent as the primary resource and the deep integration of data elements and human capital are key measures to address development challenges and achieve high-quality economic development within the new development paradigm. This study takes the national-level comprehensive big data pilot zone as an empirical field, and based on the data of A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2021, examines the promoting effect of data element empowerment on the upgrading of enterprise human capital. The research findings indicate that the effective empowerment of data elements in the construction of national-level comprehensive big data pilot zones has promoted the upgrading of enterprise human capital and the expansion of talent pools. A series of robustness tests provide strong support for the above conclusion. The differences in property rights and innovation attributes at the firm level, as well as the disparities in geographical location and administrative hierarchy at the regional level, lead to variations in business strategies and resource endowments, thereby generating heterogeneous impacts on the upgrading of enterprise human capital. The construction of national-level comprehensive big data pilot zones has facilitated the digital transformation of enterprises and exerted effects on the process of human capital upgrading through the "innovation incentive" and "scale expansion" mechanisms. The extension discussion indicates that data element empowerment also leads to an increase in low-skilled labor positions and expands the employment scale of enterprises.