中国高技术产业科技成果转化效率评价——基于15个行业的实证研究

Evaluation of transformation efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in China's high-tech industry —— Based on empirical research across 15 industries

摘要:

基于2009—2021年的面板数据，采用超效率SBM模型对中国高技术产业科技成果转化效率进行研究，分析了我国4个高技术产业15个高技术行业的科技成果转化综合效率和投入冗余产出不足，为高技术产业及其行业调整优化投入产出结构、提升科技成果转化效率提供基础。研究发现：中国高技术产业科技成果转化效率呈现出先下降再波动上升的趋势，各行业均呈现波动上升的良好发展趋势，但整体水平不高，行业间差距较大；行业间R&D活动人员、技术改造经费和政府资金投入冗余，新产品销售收入产出不足问题突出。基于上述结论提出根据行业特点，对冗余人员先转换再精减；重视科研人员再教育，注重能力培训与提升；调整资金分配结构，注重监督与管理；转变政府干预方式，降低对政府资金依赖；建立健全多渠道合作机制，提升自主研发能力；注重市场需求导向，促进理论成果市场化等建议，以进一步提升高技术产业科技成果转化效率。

Abstract:

Based on panel data from 2009 to 2021, this study uses the super-efficiency SBM model to explore the efficiency of technology transfer in China's high-tech industry. Specifically, it analyzes the comprehensive efficiency and input redundancy of 15 high-tech industries across four high-tech sectors, providing a foundation for optimizing investment-output structures and improving the efficiency of technology transfer. The study revealed that the efficiency of technology transfer in China's high-tech industry has shows a trend of first declining and then fluctuating upward, with all industries demonstrating an overall upward trend despite some disparities between them. However, the level of efficiency remains relatively low, and issues such as redundant R&D personnel, insufficient funding for innovation, and inadequate product sales revenue persist across industries.Based on these findings, the study suggests adapting strategies according to industry-specific characteristics, such as redistributing redundant personnel, prioritizing education and training for research staff, adjusting funding allocation, reducing reliance on government funding, establishing multi-channel cooperation mechanisms, and focusing on market demand to promote the commercialization of theoretical research, among other recommendations, to further enhance the efficiency of technology transfer in China's high-tech industry.