国家科研机构推进开放科学发展的实践经验与启示——以美国航空航天局为例

The practice experience and enlightenment of open science promoting development in national scientific research institutions——taking NASA as an examplePeng Daoqi1,2 Jiang Hong1

摘要:

[目的/意义]国家科研机构是开放科学的重要推动者。分析驱动NASA推进开放科学的动因,梳理其发展体系和实践路径,以期为我国科研机构推进开放科学的发展和实践提供决策参考；[方法/过程]通过文献调研和网络调研法梳理、分析NASA从推进科学数据开放获取,到近年来开展开放科学的实践的进程,总结其在机构内推动开放科学发展的实践经验。[结果/结论]NASA作为航天和空间科学领域领先的研究机构和科学数据的重要来源机构,以实现突破性科学发现为目标,在开放科学信息、开放数据基础设施、公众参与、建立多主体合作网络等方面进行了良好实践。我国可结合国情,择优借鉴其发展经验,以开放科学为抓手,推动科学创新和发展。

Abstract:

[Purpose/significance] National research institutions are important promoters of open science. This article analyses the motivations that promote the process of NASA’s open science, sorts out its development system and practice path, and to provide decision-making reference for the development and practice of open science of scientific research institutions in China;[Method/process]Through literature research and website survey methods to sort out and analyze the promotion of NASA from open access to open science, summarized its practical experience in promoting the development of open science; [Result/conclusion]NASA, as an important global aerospace scientific research institution and source of scientific data, aimed at greater scientific discoveries, has implemented good practices in open science data, open data infrastructure, public participation and establishment of multi-subject cooperation network, etc. We can make use of NASA’s development experience for reference to promote the development of open science in the light of our own national conditions, take open science construction as a grasp and to promote scientific innovation and development.