组织支持、制度环境和市场环境对科技企业孵化器创新绩效的影响机制：基于组态视角的fsQCA分析

The Impact Mechanism of Organizational Support, Institutional Environment and Market Environment on the Innovation Performance of Technology Business Incubators: fsQCA Analysis Based on Configuration Perspective

摘要:

创新活动具有系统性，科技企业孵化器创新绩效受内外部环境因素影响，且各影响因素间具有相互依赖的复杂性，但目前偏向于单一因素的探讨，无法解释多要素相互依赖等复杂的运行机制。因此，以中国2 920家科技企业孵化器为样本，基于组态视角，采用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法探索组织支持、制度环境和市场环境三大类别中的7个条件对孵化器创新绩效的复杂影响机制。结果发现：科技企业孵化器创新绩效与其所处制度、市场环境息息相关，主体与环境均衡驱动型协同创新策略是实现高创新绩效的主要路径；孵化器创新绩效具有“多重并发”的特点，制度环境、市场环境、组织支持行为均无法单独构成高创新绩效的必要条件；多要素协同作用对孵化器创新绩效具有殊途同归效果，其中政府补贴没有发挥关键作用，完善的知识产权保护制度在多数路径中起到重要作用，孵化器空间上的集聚在特定条件下具有影响作用。基于研究结论，为政府和科技企业孵化器管理者从制度和市场环境两方面考虑，提出提高孵化器创新绩效的建议。

关键词:科技企业孵化器;创新绩效;组织支持;制度环境;市场环境;模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）

Abstract:

Innovation activities are systematic, the innovation performance of incubators is affected by internal and external environmental factors, and the influencing factors are interdependent and complex. However, current research is biased towards the exploration of a single factor, and it is impossible to explain the complex mechanism such as the interdependence of multiple factors. Based on the configuration point of view, this paper takes 2920 incubators across China as a sample and uses the fsQCA method to explore the complex impact mechanism of seven conditions in the three categories of organizational support, institutional environment and market environment on incubator innovation performance. It is found that the innovation performance of incubators is closely related to the system and market environment in which it operates, and the subject-environment balanced-driven collaborative innovation strategy is the main path to achieve high innovation performance; the innovation performance of incubators has the characteristics of multiple concurrency, the institutional environment, market environment, and organizational support behavior cannot alone constitute the necessary conditions for high innovation performance; and the synergy of multiple factors has the same effect on the innovation performance of incubators, among which, government subsidies have not played a key role, a sound intellectual property protection system plays an important role in most pathways, and spatial agglomeration of incubators affects incubator innovation performance under specific conditions. Based on the research conclusions, for the government and technology business incubator managers, from both institutional and market environment considerations, some suggestions are provided to improve the innovation performance of incubators.

Key words:technology business incubator;innovation performance;organizational support; institutional environment; market environment; fsQCA.