科研经费中人员费占比与科研产出的关系 ——来自中国高等学校的经验证据

The Relationship Between the Proportion of Personnel Expenses in Scientific Research Funds and Scientific Research Output: Empirical Evidence from Colleges and Universities in China

摘要:

调动科研人员积极性是中国科研经费管理改革的重要内容。为了探索科研人员激励如何影响科研产出、优化科研经费支出结构，利用2011－2020年中国省级高等学校的科技活动数据，通过固定效应模型分析科研经费支出中人力资本分配对科研产出的影响。结果表明：科研支出中的人员费占比与科研产出呈现倒“U”型关系，放宽科研经费中人员费限制的措施出台提高了人力成本占比对科研产出的阈值效应，但并未加速或减缓人员费占比对科研产出的边际影响，可见政策可以改善资源配置结构与效率，然而科研产出本质上经由要素投入而产生；理工农医学科与人文社科的人员费在科研支出中的平均占比呈现出明显的差距，前者使科研成果产出最大化的极值点出现在19.50%附近，后者在41.51%附近。据此提出优化科研经费配置、提升人员经费效益、实施经费差异化管理等改善中国高校科研经费的使用效率的建议。

Abstract:

Mobilizing the enthusiasm of scientific researchers is an important part of the reform of scientific research funding management. In order to explore how the incentive for researchers affect scientific research output and optimize the structure of research funding expenditures, this paper uses technology data from provincial colleges and universities (science, engineering, agriculture, and medicine) in China from 2011 to 2020, and uses a fixed effects model to analyze the impact of the proportion of personnel expenses in scientific research expenditures on scientific research output. Empirical results show that, the proportion of personnel expenses in scientific research funds and scientific research output have an inverted U-shaped relationship, the introduction of measures to relax restrictions on personnel expenses in scientific research funds increases the threshold effect of the proportion of labor costs on scientific research output, but it did not accelerate or slow down the marginal impact of personnel spending on research output, it can be seen that policies can improve the structure and efficiency of resource allocation, however, scientific research output is essentially generated by factor input. Besides, there is an obvious gap between the average proportion of science, industry, agriculture, medicine and humanities and social sciences in scientific research expenditure, the former maximizes the output of scientific research results around 19.50%, while the latter is around 41.51%. According to the research conclusions, suggestions are put forward to optimize the allocation of scientific research funds, improve the efficiency of personnel expenses, and implement differentiated management of funds to improve the efficiency of the use of scientific research funds in universities of China.