国际研发伙伴地理特征与创新成功和创新失败：“多多益善”还是“舍近求远”？

Geographic Characteristics of International R&D Partners and Innovation success and failure: "More is Better" or "Closer is Better"?

摘要:

研发伙伴对创新的双重影响在国际研发情境下更为突出，但现有研究并未深入挖掘国际研发伙伴关系与创新成功和创新失败之间的联系。本文以地理特征为核心，科学度量研发伙伴的地理邻近性和地理多样性，基于2017-2021年161家中国高技术产业企业778条观测数据，运用双变量Probit模型检验和比较不同情境下研发伙伴选择对创新成功和创新失败的影响，拓展了经济地理学和知识基础观理论在国际研发伙伴选择中的应用。结果表明：（1）研发伙伴地理邻近性和多样性均会对创新成功和创新失败产生正向影响；（2）地理邻近性较高的研发伙伴对创新成功的促进作用更强；地理邻近性较低的研发伙伴对创新失败的促进作用更强；（3）地理多样性较低的研发伙伴对创新成功的促进作用更强；地理多样性较高的研发伙伴对创新成功和创新失败均有显著正向影响，但影响差异不明显。

Abstract:

The dual impact of R&D partners on innovation is more prominent in international contexts, but few studies deeply explore the link between international R&D partnerships and innovation success and failure. This paper scientifically measures the geographic proximity and geographic diversity of R&D partners, and applies a bivariate probit model to compare the impact of R&D partner selection on innovation success and failure based on 778 observations of 161 Chinese high-tech industrial enterprises from 2017-2021. It expands the application of economic geography and knowledge base theory in international R&D partner contexts. The results show that: (1) both geographic proximity and diversity of R&D partners positively affect innovation success and failure; (2) R&D partners with higher geographic proximity contribute more to innovation success; R&D partners with lower geographic proximity contribute more to innovation failure; (3) R&D partners with lower geographic diversity contribute more to innovation success; R&D partners with higher geographic diversity have a positive effect on both innovation success and failure, but the difference in effect is not significant.