政策工具视角下财政支持对科技成果转化的影响 ——基于省级面板数据的效率分析

Influence of Fiscal Support on the Commercialization of Scientific and Technological Achievements from the Perspective of Policy Tools : Efficiency Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data

摘要:

探析不同维度政策工具支撑下科技成果转化存在的效率差异，以为政府布局财政政策工具促进科技成果转化提供理论支持。基于政策工具理论视角，对2012－2022年间我国为促进科技成果转化颁布的财政政策条款展开文本内容分析，统计汇总不同政策工具的使用频数。在此基础上，构建财政政策工具投入-成果转化产出指标体系，利用数据包络分析模型评价我国30个省份的科技成果转化效率，并进一步分析供给型、环境型、需求型财政政策对科技成果转化效率的影响。研究发现：财政政策工具布局结构失衡，呈现供给型工具偏重、环境型工具适中、需求型工具不足的布局倾向；不同类型财政政策工具使用效率存在明显差异，供给型财政政策工具使用平均效率最高，需求型财政政策工具使用平均效率最低；省域间环境型与需求型财政政策工具使用效率差异显著，发达省份更适用于间接性、引导式的政策工具。最后，从优化财政政策工具布局、重视财政政策工具组合效应、基于省情合理选择财政政策工具，改善需求端财政政策工具使用策略4个方面提出政策建议。

Abstract:

Analyze the efficiency differences in the commercialization of scientific and technological achievements supported by different dimensions of policy tools, in order to provide theoretical support for the government to adopt fiscal policy tools to promote the commercialization of scientific and technological achievements. Based on the theoretical perspective of policy tools, this paper conducts text content analysis on the fiscal policy provisions promulgated by the government to promote the commercialization of scientific and technological achievements from 2012 to 2022, and summarizes the frequency of use of different policy tools. On this basis, constructing a fiscal policy tool input-result transformation output index system, and using DEA model to evaluate the commercialization efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in 30 provinces of China. Furthermore, the impact of supply-oriented, environmental-oriented, and demand-oriented fiscal policies on the efficiency of scientific and technological achievement commercialization is analyzed. The results reveals an unbalanced layout structure of fiscal policy tools, with a tendency to emphasize supply-oriented tools, moderate environmental tools, and insufficient demand-oriented tools; Obvious differences exist in the efficiency of using different types of fiscal policy tools, the average efficiency of use of supply-based fiscal policy tools is the highest, while the average efficiency of use of demand-based fiscal policy tools is the lowest; There are significant differences in the efficiency of use of environmental and demand-based fiscal policy tools among provinces, of which developed provinces and regions are more suitable for indirect and guided policy tools. Finally, policy suggestions are put forward from four aspects, including optimizing the layout of fiscal policy tools, paying attention to the combination effect of fiscal policy tools, rationally selecting fiscal policy tools based on provincial conditions, and improving the use strategy of demand-side fiscal policy tools.