中国城市的科技创新效率：测度、时空演进与差异研究

The measuring and spatio-temporal evolution of technological innovation efficiency of China cities

摘要:

城市是科技创新活动的功能载体，基于区域创新体系视角识别城市知识生产的研发要素投入和过程特征，首次构建我国城市研发要素投入与产出的科技创新数据集，使用随机前沿SFA和数据包络DEA二分类测算城市的科技创新效率，并比较测算结果的相对有效性，体现研发时滞的随机前沿结果具有代表性。以收敛分析检验创新效率的时序趋势，采用Dagum基尼系数计算区域差异，测算结果表明，我国城市创新效率具有明显的动态收敛特征，但收敛趋势存在地区差别，东部城市创新效率均衡化发展的水平明显高于西部和中部；与创新成果在区域内部趋于集聚对应，省域内高层级城市创新效率占优态势也在加强。效率改进是促进科学技术高质量发展的基本方式，持续完善区域创新体系，促进研发要素顺畅流动，实施创新资源区域均等化配置的促进政策，不断提升区域创新效率。

Abstract:

As the most active factor of productivity, scientific and technological progress is becoming the leading force for the leap of national competitiveness. Based on the theoretical framework of the regional innovation system, a data set of technological innovation indicators for the input and output of R D elements in Chinese cities from 2000 to 2019 was established. Identify innovation heterogeneity characteristics such as R D investment type, innovation process, and time lag from the knowledge production process. Using methods such as stochastic frontier analysis and data envelopment analysis, the technological innovation efficiency of Chinese cities is systematically measured. The relative effectiveness of the measured results is compared with various correlation coefficients, and the stochastic frontier results considering the process time lag are representative. The time series trend of innovation efficiency is tested by convergence analysis, and regional differences are calculated by Dagum Gini coefficient, the results show that China"s urban innovation efficiency has obvious dynamic convergence characteristics, but there are regional differences in the convergence trend, eastern innovation efficiency developing level is significantly higher than western and central regions, together with the agglomeration trend of innovation achievements in these regions, the dominant trend of innovation efficiency in high-level cities is also strengthening. Efficiency improvement is the basic way to promote the high-quality development of technology, we should continuously improve the regional innovation system, promote the smooth flow of R D factors, implement the promotion policy of regional equal allocation of innovation resources, and continuously improve the regional innovation efficiency.