省域视角下中国优势学科识别与分析 ——基于分级评价方法

Identification and Analysis of China's Dominant Disciplines from the Provincial Perspective: Based on the Grading and Evaluation Method

摘要:

优势学科是一个相对概念，比较视角可以是国家、省份、机构、学科等。目前评价学科水平主要以基本科学指标（essential science indicators, ESI）为主要依据，但ESI学科分类并不能较好地反映中国的学科发展情况，且ESI及其他一些引文分析法存在时滞性和缺乏省际横向比较的弊端。因此，从省域视角探索建立优势学科识别与分析方法体系，为加快建设具有中国特色的世界一流学科、促进各省份完善学科布局提供参考。以美国科学引文索引（SCI）收录论文为数据源，以SCI期刊分类与中国《研究生教育学科专业目录（2022年）》进行映射得到的77个学科作为依据，建立学科相对优势指数和发展潜力优势指数，并综合考虑省份学科规模和质量水平，利用分级评价的方式识别中国31个省份各自的优势学科和潜力学科。结果显示，中国 31个省份的优势学科合计125个、潜力学科合计129个。这与各省份学科发展现状基本吻合，证明所提出方法的可行性。据此，各省份可进一步优化资源配置，强化现有优势，同时对亟需资助的潜力学科、弱势学科给予倾斜，构建合理的学科结构。

Abstract:

The dominant discipline is a relative concept, and the comparative perspective can be the country, province, institution, discipline, etc. At present, the evaluation of subject level is mainly based on basic scientific indicators (ESI), but the classification of ESI disciplines cannot better reflect the development of disciplines in China, and ESI and some other citation analysis methods have the disadvantages of time lag and lack of inter-provincial horizontal comparison. Therefore, this paper explores and establishes the method system of dominant discipline identification and analysis methods from the provincial perspective, so as to provide reference for accelerating the construction of world-class disciplines with Chinese characteristics and promoting the improvement of discipline layout in various provinces. Taking science citation index(SCI) articles as data sources, 77 disciplines are mapped between SCI journal classification and China's Graduate Education Discipline Catalog (2022) as the basis, subject comparative advantage index and promising future advantage index are established, considering the discipline scale and quality level of the provinces at the same time, the superior and potential disciplines of the 31 provinces in China are identified by means of hierarchical evaluation. The results show that the 31 provinces in China have 125 dominant disciplines and 129 potential disciplines. This is basically consistent with the current situation of discipline development in each province, and proves the feasibility of the proposed method. Accordingly, each provinces of China can further optimize the allocation of resources, strengthen the existing advantages, and give preference to the potential disciplines and vulnerable disciplines in urgent need of funding, so as to construct a reasonable discipline structure.