利益相关者知识共享行为对项目绩效影响机制探究——以大型航空交通枢纽项目为例

The Impact Mechanism of Stakeholder Knowledge Sharing Behavior on Project Performance: A Case Study of Large Aeronautic Hub Projects

摘要:

知识共享行为在重大工程项目中的重要性已获得广泛认识，但实践中受项目和组织的复杂性以及严格的时间和成本等限制，跨组织的知识共享行为无法得到有效实施和管理。为提高重大工程项目管理的精细化水平，增强利益相关者管理的针对性，并给建筑业高质量发展提供新的见解，结合利益相关者理论、理性行为理论和组织学习理论，从宏观、微观和实践3个层面建立一个多层次的项目行为分析架构，在不同的尺度上提供理解复杂项目背景下跨组织行为的视角和工具；在此基础上，采用问卷调查方式收集数据并进行实证分析，针对重大工程项目中的典型代表——大型航空交通枢纽项目，探讨关键利益相关者知识共享行为影响项目绩效的机制。结果表明：在该多层次理论框架视角下，利益相关者的利益感知态度、主观规范和制度支持对其知识共享行为意图产生了显著正向影响；此外，知识共享行为意图显著正向影响实际的知识共享行为，进而对提升大型航空交通枢纽项目的绩效产生了显著影响。因此，在重大工程项目实施过程中，除了依赖传统的“硬性管理”手段，还应加强对“软性管理”方面的关注，通过识别和优化利益相关者的跨组织行为模式可以有效提升项目的绩效。

关键词:知识共享;利益相关者;跨组织行为;项目绩效;多层次理论框架;大型航空交通枢纽项目;重大工程项目

Abstract:

The importance of knowledge-sharing behavior in major engineering projects has been widely recognized, but in practice, limited by the complexity of projects and organizations and strict time and cost, the knowledge-sharing behavior of across organizations cannot be effectively implemented and managed. To enhance the precision in managing major engineering projects, improve the specificity of stakeholder management, and offer new insights for high-quality development in the construction industry, this paper combines stakeholder theory, rational behavior theory, and organizational learning theory, establishes a multi-level project behavior analysis architecture from the macro, micro and practical levels, provides perspectives and tools for understanding inter-organizational behaviors in the complex backdrop of projects across different scales. Based on this, empirical analysis is conducted by collecting data through questionnaire surveys, specifically focusing on a typical representative of major engineering projects, the large aeronautic hub projects, and a total of 291 questionnaires are collected, primarily from several large aeronautic hubs in China, and then the mechanism by which key stakeholders' knowledge-sharing behaviors affect project performance is explored. The results indicate that within this multi-level theoretical framework, stakeholders' perceived attitudes towards benefits, subjective norms, and institutional support have a significant positive impact on their intentions towards knowledge-sharing behavior, furthermore, the intention to share knowledge significantly and positively impacts actual knowledge-sharing behavior, which in turn significantly enhances the performance of large aeronautic hub projects. Therefore, in the implementation process of major engineering projects, in addition to relying on traditional hard management methods, attention should also be given to soft management aspects(such as organizational behavior, cultural atmosphere, etc.). By identifying and optimizing the inter-organizational behavior patterns of stakeholders, the performance of the project can be effectively improved.

Key words:knowledge sharing; stakeholders; inter-organizational behavior; project performance; multi-level theoretical framework; large aeronautic hub projects; major engineering projects