宁波市专精特新“小巨人”企业分布的热点空间及其适配路径

The Hot Spot Space and Adaptation Path of the “Little Giants” in Ningbo

摘要:

中小企业向“专精特新”升级是促进区域产业发展的重要动力，而营商环境是以地方政府为主的市场关键外部环境，其服务企业集聚发展已成为领域研究热点，因此，如何协同营商环境促进区域企业向“专精特新”发展是亟需回答的现实问题。基于中华人民共和国工信部分五批公示的专精特新“小巨人”企业名单，以宁波市为例，采用核密度分析、系统聚类法、组态分析等方法研究其352家专精特新“小巨人”企业空间分布的热点空间，并分析这类企业数量的营商环境适配路径。结果表明：宁波市专精特新“小巨人”企业空间分布整体上呈“一极双核”的模式，并且“北多南少”，其中制造业占87.78%；专精特新“小巨人”企业数量与当地营商环境（除金融服务指标）显著正相关，系统聚类法所划分的三组区县间的生境画像存在显著差异；单个因素并不构成高专精特新“小巨人”企业数量的必要条件，法治市场主导下依托公共服务的创新驱动型、法治市场主导和政府助力下依托公共服务的创新驱动型两种营商环境组态可以殊途同归地产生高企业数量，其中优化法治环境、市场环境、创新环境、公共服务发挥着普适的作用。据此，要发挥核心营商环境要素组合促进“专精特新”企业的作用，法治环境是根本，提供良好的公共服务、扩充市场环境体量、培育创新环境是重中之重。

Abstract:

The upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises to specialized and sophisticated is an important driving force for promoting regional industrial development, while the business environment is a key external environment of the market mainly for local governments, and its service to enterprise agglomeration and development has become a hot spot for research in the field. Therefor, how to coordinate the business environment to promote the development of regional enterprises to specialized and sophisticated is a practical question that needs to be answered urgently. Based on the list of five batches of “little giants” enterprises released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, taking Ningbo as an example, this paper uses methods such as kernel density analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and configuration analysis (fsQCA) to study the hot spot of the spatial distribution of its 352 “little giants” enterprises, and analyze the business environment adaptation path of the number of “little giants” enterprises. The results show that: (1)The spatial distribution of “little giants” enterprises in Ningbo generally follows a “one pole and two cores” pattern, with “more in the north and less in the south”, with manufacturing accounting for 87.78%. (2)The number of “little giants” enterprises in Ningbo is significantly positively correlated with the local business environment(except for the financial services indicators), and there are significant differences in the habitat portrait among the three groups of districts and counties divided by hierarchical cluster method. (3)A single factor does not constitute a necessary condition for a high number of “little giants” enterprises in Ningbo, the two business environment configurations, innovation-driven by the rule of law market, innovation-driven by the rule of law market and the government, can produce a high number of enterprises in the same way, with the optimization of the law environment, market environment, innovation environment, and public services playing a universal role. On these grounds, to give full play to the role of the combination of core business environment elements to promote specialized and sophisticated enterprises, the legal environment is fundamental, providing good public services, expanding the volume of the market environment, and fostering an innovation environment are the top priorities.