数字经济赋能中国工业绿色发展的效应与机制

Effect and Mechanism of Digital Economy Empowering China's Industrial Green Development

摘要:

目前，我国处在工业化绿色转型的重要时期，以数字化转型驱动工业生产方式变革成为重要路径。基于2013－2020年中国30个省份的面板数据，分别构建基准模型、门槛模型、中介效应模型和空间计量模型，实证考察数字经济对我国工业绿色发展的影响效应及可能的影响机制。结果表明：（1）从全国层面来看，研究期间数字经济能够显著提升工业绿色发展水平，是工业实现绿色化转型的重要驱动力；（2）从分地区维度来看，数字经济对工业绿色发展的影响效应具有区域异质性，就效应大小来看，中部>东部>西部；（3）通过内在机制研究发现，目前数字经济主要作用于工业资源利用和工业增长质量方面，对工业环境质量的提升作用尚不显著；（4）数字经济对工业绿色发展的影响存在技术门槛特征，当工业技术发展水平跨越门槛值后，数字经济对工业绿色发展的正向效应会更为强劲；（5）数字经济会通过影响人力资本水平、能源消费结构和市场化水平来对工业绿色发展产生影响。因此，要因地制宜以人力资本、能源结构、市场化水平为路径发挥数字经济的引擎作用，同时着力提升工业技术水平以更好实现数字经济的绿色效应。

Abstract:

At present, our nation finds itself amidst a critical phase of industrial eco-friendly evolution, where the digital transition plays a pivotal role in reshaping industrial manufacturing techniques. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2020, a benchmark model, a threshold model, an intermediary effect model and a spatial econometric model were constructed to empirically examine the impact and possible impact mechanisms of the digital economy on the green development of China's industry. The results show that: (1) From a national level, the digital economy can significantly improve the level of green development of industry during the study period and is an important driving force for the green transformation of industry. (2) From the perspective of sub-regions, the impact of digital economy on the green development of industry has regional heterogeneity. In terms of effect size, the effect is central > eastern > western. (3) Through research on the internal mechanism, it is found that the current digital economy mainly affects the utilization of industrial resources and the quality of industrial growth, and its effect on improving the quality of the industrial environment is not yet significant. (4) The impact of the digital economy on the green development of industry has the characteristics of a technical threshold. When the industrial technology development level crosses the threshold, the positive effect of the digital economy on the green development of industry will be stronger. (5) The digital economy will have an impact on the green development of industry by affecting the level of human capital, energy consumption structure and marketization level. Hence, it is imperative to customize approaches in alignment with specific regional circumstances, leveraging human resources, energy frameworks, and the extent of market integration as avenues to unlock the catalytic potential of the digital economy. Concurrently, attention should be directed towards elevating industrial technological standards to more effectively realize the environmental benefits of the digital economy.