碳中和背景下蓝碳保护与发展趋势及中国因应

Blue carbon protection and development trend in the context of carbon neutrality and China's response

摘要:

蓝碳具有远强大于传统绿色碳汇的碳捕获和存储能力，保护与发展蓝碳是实现碳中和的重要路径。中国蓝碳资源禀赋优越，蓝碳挖掘潜力巨大，开发利用前景广阔。当前，蓝碳保护与发展在国际层面面临着蓝碳生态系统退化严重、全球碳交易体系缺失等挑战，在国内层面面临着蓝碳生态系统危机重重、蓝碳监测与核算体系不完备、蓝碳交易体系不健全、缺乏成熟的法治保障等问题。从国际社会实践看，蓝色碳汇已然由科研概念阶段迈入实用工具阶段，未来蓝碳纳入气候变化法律与框架将是完善全球气候治理体系之必然。从国内实践看，我国对于蓝谈的研究已经由跟随转至逐渐引领，国内各项政策试点也在有序推进。面对国内外蓝碳发展局势，中国自价值、技术、制度、立法等多个方面做出因应，着力挖掘蓝碳资源固碳增汇潜力，是把握蓝碳发展机遇的必然，对于助力碳中和目标实现价值重大、意义深远。

Abstract:

Blue carbon has a much stronger carbon capture and storage capacity than traditional green carbon sinks. Protecting and developing blue carbon is an important way to achieve carbon neutrality. China has superior blue carbon resource endowment, great potential for blue carbon mining, and broad prospects for development and utilization. At present, blue carbon protection and development are faced with challenges such as serious degradation of blue carbon ecosystem and lack of global carbon trading system at the international level, and problems such as numerous crises of blue carbon ecosystem, incomplete blue carbon monitoring and accounting system, imperfect blue carbon trading system, and lack of mature legal protection at the domestic level. From the practice of the international community, blue carbon sink has already moved from the scientific research concept stage to the practical tool stage, and the inclusion of blue carbon in climate change laws and frameworks in the future will be an inevitable step to improve the global climate governance system. From the perspective of domestic practice, China's research on blue talk has shifted from following to gradually leading, and various domestic policy pilots are also advancing in an orderly manner. In the face of the development situation of blue carbon at home and abroad, China has made response in multiple aspects such as self-value, technology, system and legislation, and focused on tapping the potential of blue carbon resources for carbon sequestration and sink, which is inevitable to grasp the development opportunity of blue carbon, and is of great value and far-reaching significance to help realize the goal of carbon neutrality.