基因编辑技术专利异化问题与对策

Problems and countermeasures of gene editing technology patent alienation

摘要:

基因编辑技术的快速发展引发了专利权属争议、专利权许可争议以及专利权豁免争议,科学家们为了获取垄断利益,过度使用专利制度甚至滥用专利权利,最终导致了专利没有发挥激励创新的功能,出现了专利异化问题。本文从基因编辑专利争议出发分析其专利异化现象,剖析专利制度历史属性、基因编辑专利范围扩张、基础研究和应用研究界限模糊等异化成因,提出完善专利审查中的公共利益的保护、强化伦理考量以及严格实用性审查等建议,以促进专利异化的回归,让专利制度服务于激励创新的本质目的。

Abstract:

The rapid development of gene editing technology has caused disputes over patent ownership, patent licensing, and patent exemption. In order to obtain monopoly benefits, scientists have overused the patent system and even abused patent rights, which eventually led to patents not functioning as incentives for innovation. The problem of patent alienation arises. This article starts from the gene editing patent controversy to analyze its patent alienation phenomenon, analyzes the historical attributes of the patent system, the expansion of the scope of gene editing patents, and the blurred boundaries between basic research and applied research. And suggestions such as strict practicality review to promote the return of patent alienation and let the patent system serve the essential purpose of stimulating innovation.