多元主体视角下区域创新能力评价机制——基于中国30个省份数据的分析

Mechanism of the Regional Innovation Capabilities Evaluation from the Perspective of Multi-participants: Based on the Analysis of the Panel Data of 30 Provinces in China

摘要:

在开放式创新背景下，多元主体协同创新成为提高创新竞争力的重要手段。从多元主体（政府、企业、学研机构、其他市场主体）视角构建创新能力评价指标，并基于2009－2020年中国省级层面数据，运用“熵权法+TOPSIS法+耦合度分析法”对区域创新能力进行评价。结果发现：总体上，中国各省份创新能力的梯队分布呈金字塔形；空间分布呈现 “东高西低、南高北低”的特征，区域间差异大，区域内部创新能力发展不均衡；从创新主体来看，区域创新系统的四大主体创新能力都呈上升趋势，呈现政府、学研机构、其他市场三大主体创新支撑能力强，企业创新参与能力弱的状态；从耦合状态来看，中国四大创新主体之间耦合度还比较低，而且企业与其他3类主体的耦合度也比较低。因此，在创新驱动发展战略下，推动以区域为单位建设创新高地，推动区域内多元主体协同创新发展，提升区域创新创新能力。

Abstract:

In the context of open innovation, collaborative innovation among multiple entities has become an important means to improve innovation competitiveness. This paper constructs innovation capability evaluation indicators from the perspective of multiple entities (government, enterprises, academic research institutions, and other market entities). Based on China's provincial-level data from 2009 to 2020, "the entropy weight method + TOPSIS method + coupling degree analysis method" was used to evaluate regional innovation capabilities. The results found that, in general, the echelon distribution of innovation capabilities in China's provinces is in a pyramid shape. The spatial distribution shows the characteristics of "high in the east and low in the west, high in the south and low in the north". There are large differences between the regions, and the development of innovation capabilities within the regions is unbalanced. From the perspective of innovation entities, the innovation capabilities of the four major entities in the regional innovation system are all on the rise, showing a state of “government, academic research institutions, and other market entities have strong innovation support capabilities, but the enterprises have weak innovation participation capabilities”. From the perspective of coupling status, the coupling degree between China's four major innovation entities is still relatively low, and the coupling degree between enterprises and the other three types of entities is also relatively low. Therefore, under the innovation-driven development strategy, it is necessary to promote the construction of innovation highlands in the region as a unit, promote the collaborative innovation and development of multiple entities in the region, and enhance regional innovation capabilities.