重大国家项目技术就绪度管理方法的案例研究

A Case Study on Management Methodology of Technology Readiness Level in Major National ProjectsYongjian Xu1, Yazhuo Liu1, Xiaodong Xia3, Luyao Wang3, Xiaolu Hu3, Zhongde Huang2*

摘要:

技术就绪度（TRL）评价是建立在项目分解结构和关键技术元素识别基础上的，强调了技术在不同发展阶段之间的转化，能够更直观展现专项实施进展和目标完成情况，并通过进一步丰富技术研发各阶段的评价细则创新项目管理。现阶段已经形成了比较成熟的TRL9级定义，应用于工业领域为主，在管理层面衡量科技项目的成效尚未涉及。结合“工厂化农业关键技术与智能农机装备”国家重点专项项目特点开展TRL管理方法案例研究，梳理TRL概念发展和国内外研究与应用，系统梳理“原理构想－技术验证－模拟环境测试－实际应用”这一研发链条，从TRL审查组、被评单位和评价对象3个关键要素入手，从技术指标、技术成果与创新性指标、应用指标3个维度构建覆盖技术、技术成果与创新性评估及应用效能的技术就绪度评价体系，并在考量评价组织机构的运作特性基础上，运用专家咨询法设计技术就绪度评价流程，分别从技术就绪度审查组和被评单位两个层面形成了操作规范，构建符合该重点专项特点的TRL一般标准、TRL指标体系、评级要点参考指标，最终建立“工厂化农业关键技术与智能农机装备”重点专项的技术就绪度管理方法。根据研究结论，进一步从开展农业领域应用试点和推广、加强评价方法普及和操作培训、促进与其他项目管理方法有效融合以及加快信息化应用和技术开发等方面，思考提出促进TRL在科技项目管理中高质量实施的建议。

Abstract:

The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) evaluation, based on project decomposition and key technology identification, emphasizes the transformation of technologies through various development stages. It directly reveals the progress and target completion of projects, innovating project management by enriching evaluation details for each stage of technological research and development. Currently, a well-developed definition of TRL9 has been formed and is primarily applied in industry. However, measuring the effectiveness of science and technology projects at the management level remains unaddressed. Therefore, this study aims to improve the management of national major projects by enriching TRL evaluation details and optimizing the evaluation process at all stages of technology development through a case study. Firstly, key special project of Key Technology and Intelligent Agricultural Equipment of Factory Agriculture was used as a case study to analyze the TRL management system. The study reviewed the development of TRL concepts and domestic and international research applications. It then systematically idenitified and evaluated the technical and normative requirements in the R&D chain of principle conception, technology validation, simulated environment testing, practical application. Secondly, according to the definition of TRL level 9 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States, a technology-readiness evaluation system was constructed from the three key elements, namely, the TRL evaluation team, the evaluated organization and the evaluating object. This system covered the following three domains: technology, assessment of technological achievements and innovativeness, and application performance. In particular, it encompassed technical indicators, indicators of technical achievement and innovativeness, and indicators of application performance. Finally, considering the operational characteristics of the evaluation organization, we designed the technical readiness evaluation process through expert consultation. Operational guidelines were developed from two dimensions: the technical readiness assessment team and evaluated institutions. The study established the general TRL standard, TRL index system, and reference indexes for rating points based on project characteristics, eventually developing the technical readiness management system for the key project "Key Technology of Factory Farming and Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment." Based on the conclusions, the study offers recommendations to enhance TRL implementation in S&T project management. These include conducting pilots and promotions in agriculture, increasing awareness and training on evaluation methodology, integrating TRL with other project management methods, and accelerating informatization and technological development.